Ayub Khan and his contribution about towards Pakistan
Answers
Answer:
President of Pakistan (1958–1969)
A formal group of Elizabeth in tiara and evening dress with eleven prime ministers in evening dress or national costume.
Ayub Khan (back row, second from the right) with Elizabeth II, former Queen of Pakistan at the 1960 Commonwealth Prime Minister's Conference, Windsor Castle
In a threat of being dismissed, Prime Minister H.S. Suhrawardy resigned and Prime Minister I.I. Chundiragar took over the post but in mere two months he too tendered resignation after losing confidence in running the government.The Constituent Assembly elected Sir Feroz Noon for the post of the prime minister who had much larger support from the Western Republican Party and Eastern Awami League, and Krishak Sramik.
This new alliance nearly threatened President Iskander Mirza because Suhrawardy and Feroz were now initially campaigning to become prime minister and president in the next general elections to be held.The conservative Pakistan Muslim League, led under its President A.Q. Khan, was also gaining momentum in West Pakistan and threatened for the Dharna movement.These events were against President Mirza hence he was willing to dissolve even Pakistan's One Unit for his advantage.[
On the midnight of 7 and 8 October 1958, President Mirza ordered a mass mobilization of Pakistan Armed Forces and abrogated the Constitution after sending a letter to Prime Minister Feroz and the Constituent Assembly about the coup d'état. Most of the politicians became only aware of coup the next morning; only the U.S. Ambassador James Langley was kept aware of the political development in the country.[46]:83 President Mirza appointed General Ayub as its chief martial law administrator (CMLA) to enforce the martial law in both exclave–West and East Pakistan.However, President Mirza soon realized his mistake by making Ayub as the CMLA and repented his actions in news media about the delicate position he had gotten himself into.He regretted his decision and said: "I did not mean to do it," while offering assurances that the martial law would be for the shortest possible duration.[In an attempt to consolidate the powers in his own control, Mirza unsuccessfully tried to appoint Ayub as Prime Minister the following and asked him to appoint the technocratic Cabinet. Such actions were not implemented due to Ayub Khan's protest against this attempt and briefly complained about Mirza's "high hand" methods.President Mirza made a bold move by undercutting Ayub's rival in the army, navy, marines, and air force by co-opting military officers in his favors. Informed of President Mirza's chicanery, Ayub dispatched the military unit to enter in presidential palace on the midnight of 26–27 October 1958 and placed him in a plane to exile in England.Subsequently, Admiral A. R. Khan and four persons: General Azam Khan, Nawab of Kalabagh Amir Khan, General Dr. Wajid Khan, and Air Marshal Asghar Khan were instrumental in Ayub Khan's rise to power.
The action came before ending of this tenureship as the army commander, and eventually took control of all civilian matters under his military administration.
Ouster of President Mirza was welcomed at public circles, Air Marshal Asghar Khan, the air force chief backed the actions for the martial law enforcement.[46]:104[49] He relieved the army command and appointed General Muhammad Musa as the new army chief and in 1959 he promoted himself to the five-star rank, Field Marshal.
In 1960, a referendum, that functioned as Electoral College, was held that asked the general public:"Do you have confidence in Muhammad Ayub Khan?".The voter turnout was recorded at 95.6% and such confirmation was used as impetus to formalise the new system – a presidential system.[54] Ayub Khan was elected president for the next five years and decided to pay his first state visit to United States with his wife and also daughter Begum Naseem Aurangzeb in July 1961.[Highlights of his visit included a state dinner at Mount Vernon, a visit to the Islamic Center of Washington, and a ticker tape parade in New York City.
Explanation: