Question

B. 5o Write the reaction of the following in liquid NH3+ as solvents,1.complex formation. 2.Salt formation.​

Answer 1

Answer:

if the reaction is carried out in liquid ammonia, the sodium chloride side product in insoluble and the ammonium nitrate ..1-(cu(NH3)4(H2O)2)2+ions.2-

Answer 2

Answer:

When liquid NH₃⁺ is used as a solvent, the complex formation reaction is given in the image and the salt formation reaction is given as:

                               KNH₂  +  NH₄Cl  ⇄  KCl  +  2NH₃

Let's understand more about liquid NH₃⁺ and its chemical reactions.

Explanation: Before understanding the chemical reactions let's discuss:

What are the physical properties of liquid ammonia?

• It has lower melting and boiling points.
• The dielectric constant of ammonia is smaller than that of water.
• Liquid ammonia may dissolve non-polar molecules like organic compounds.
• Some synthesis are limited in water but readily carried out in ammonia due to differences in the solubility of different chemicals.
• Ammonia is a fairly basic solvent as well.

Liquid Ammonia's Chemical reactions

There are several chemical reactions of liquid ammonia, namely:

1. Precipitation reactions
2. Complex formation reactions
3. Acid-base reactions
4. Redox reactions
5. Ammoniation reactions
6. Ammonolysis reactions

Out of these reactions we are going to focus only on two reactions, i.e., complex formation reactions and acid-base reactions as they were asked in the question. Acid-base reaction includes salt formation.

1. Complex-formation reaction:

Several complex formation processes occur in liquid ammonia. These reactions are similar to those that occur in an aqueous system. A photograph of the reaction is included.

2. Acid-base reaction:

• Ammonia auto-ionisation produces amide and ammonium ion.
• In an aqueous medium, ammonium ion is the inverse of hydronium ion.
• In aqueous media, the amide ion is the inverse of the hydroxyl ion.

                            2NH₃ (l)  ⇄  NH₄⁺  +  NH₂⁻

                            2H₂O (l)  ⇄  H₃O⁺  + OH⁻

• Based on similarities, ammonium salts that produce ammonium ions in liquid ammonia operate as acids, whereas metal amides that produce amide ions act as bases.
• When these two react, the outcome is known as Neutralization Reaction, which results in the creation of salt and solvent.

               KNH₂        +           NH₄Cl           ⇄   KCl   +   2NH₃

                                                                        (salt)      (solvent)

• The release of hydrogen from interactions of these solutions with some active metals such as Na, K and Ca further confirms the acidic character of ammonium salts in liquid ammonia.

                        2Na  +  2NH₄Cl  ⇄  H₂  +  2NaCl  +  2NH₃

Hopefully, now the concept has been cleared.