B. Answer the following:<br />1. What are latitudes? List important latitudes<br />and their degrees.<br />2. Define longitudes. Why does local time<br />vary from one longitude to another?<br />3. Describe the three Heat Zones.<br />4. What is International Date Line? Why was<br />180° longitude chosen for International<br />Date Line?<br />5. What is local time?<br />6. What is standard time? Why was 82.5°<br />chosen as the Standard Meridian of India?<br />7. What is Time Zone? Why do some countries<br />have more than one time zone?
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LINES OF LATITUDE - SHORTCUT
The lines running east to west, parallel to the Equator are called lines of latitude. A latitude is marked in degrees, with the Equator being 0 degrees. Latitudes are expressed in minutes (') and seconds (''). These lines show us the width of the map. Every latitude must be designated with direction- N for 'north' or S for 'south.' Equator is the largest among all the latitudes.
DEFINE GEOGRAPHIC GRID - SHORTCUT
The geographic grid is a system designed to pinpoint any location on Earth by laying a vertical and horizontal grid over the Earth's layout. The vertical lines are called the longitude and the horizontal lines are the latitude. The intersection of these two points determines any exact location.
NATURE OF LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE IN TERMS OF X-AXIS AND Y-AXIS - SHORTCUT
The grid on the globe serves the same purpose as does the system of coordinates on the x-axis and y-axis on a graph paper. In this case, the x-axis is represented by lines of latitude and y-axis by lines of longitude.
CHARACTERISTICS OF LINES OF LATITUDE - SHORTCUT
Lines of latitude run east-west but provide north-south locational reference. Since the lines of latitude are parallel to the equator and each other, they are called parallels of latitude. They are numbered from the equator which is the 0-degree line of latitude. The equator divides the world into northern and southern hemispheres. Only one line of latitude, i.e., the equator is a great circle.
MAIN LATITUDES - SHORTCUT
The seven important lines of latitude are the equator at 0 degrees, Tropic of Capricorn at 23.5 degrees south, Tropic of Cancer at 23.5 degrees north, Antarctic Circle at 66.5 degrees south, Arctic Circle at 66.5 degrees north, the South Pole at 90 degrees south and the North Pole at 90 degrees north.
THE NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN HEMSIPHERE - SHORTCUT
The Northern Hemisphere is the half of Earth that is north of the equator. It has about 90 percent of world's population and most of the world's land. All of North America and Europe are in the Northern Hemisphere.
The Southern Hemisphere contains all or parts of five continents, including all of Antarctica, Australia, almost all of South America, the southern third of Africa and some southern islands in Asia (parts of Indonesia). Compared to the Northern Hemisphere, the Southern Hemisphere has fewer land masses and more water.
USES OF LATITUDES - SHORTCUT
Latitudes give us the location of a place north or south of the Equator. Such a location is known as absolute location. Latitude lines, which run horizontally around the Earth, allow mariners and pilots to know how far north or south they are from the equator.