B. Answer the following questions in detail :
1. What is fractional distillation? Explain the different products obtained from fractional distillation
of petroleum
2. List out the advantages of liquid and gaseous fuels.
3. What are the necessary conditions for combustion?
4. Write the characteristics of a good fuel.
5. What are the different sources of energy?
Answers
Answer:
Ans.1 Fractional distillation is the process by which oil refineries separate crude oil info different, more useful hydrocarbon products based on their relative molecular weights in a distillation tower. This is the first step in the processing of crude oil, and it is considered to be the main separation process as it performs the initial rough separation of the different fuels.[2] The different components that are separated out during this process are known as fractions. Fractions that are separated out include gasoline, diesel, kerosene, and bitumen.[3] Fractional distillation allows a lot of useful products to be made from crude oil, with many environmental consequences for the use of those useful products!
Process
The process of fractional distillation is fairly simple, but is powerful in the way that it separates all the different, complex components of crude oil. First, the crude oil is heated to vapourize it and is fed into the bottom of a distillation tower. The resulting vapour then rises through the vertical column. As the gases rise through the tower, the temperature decreases. As the temperature decreases, certain hydrocarbons begin to condense and run off at different levels. Each fraction that condenses off at a certain level contains hydrocarbon molecules with a similar number of carbon atoms.[4] These boiling point 'cuts' allow several hydrocarbons to be separated out in a single process.[5] It is this cooling with the height of the tower that allows for the separation.
After this rough refinement, individual fuels may undergo more refinement to remove any contaminants or undesirable substances, or to improve the quality of the fuel through cracking.
Ans.2 Liquid and gaseous fuels are easier to handle than solid fuels. ... Liquid and gaseous fuels produce little or no smoke, whereas most of the solid fuels burn with smoke. 6. Liquid and gaseous fuels have relatively low ignition temperature and hence they burn more easily than solid fuels.
Ans.3 Three things are required in proper combination before ignition and combustion can take place---Heat, Oxygen and Fuel. There must be Fuel to burn. There must be Air to supply oxygen. There must be Heat (ignition temperature) to start and continue the combustion process.
Ans.4 Three characteristics of a good fuel.
- It should possess high calorific value.
- It should have proper ignition temperature. ...
- It should not produce poisonous products during combustion. ...
- It should have moderate rate of combustion.
- Combustion should be easily controllable i.e., combustion of fuel should be easy to start or stop as and when required.
Ans.5 Energy Sources
- Clean Energy. Learn more about energy from solar, wind, water, geothermal, biomass and nuclear. ...
- Fossil. Learn more about our fossil energy sources: coal, oil and natural gas. ...
- Electric Power. Learn more about how we use electricity as an energy source. ...
- Energy Storage. ...
- Hydrogen & Fuel Cells.
Please mark me brainliest....
Answer:
Ans 1) Fractional distillation is the process by which oil refineries separate crude oil into different, more useful hydrocarbon products based on their relative molecular weights in a distillation tower.
Ans 2) Liquid and gaseous fuels do not leave any residue after burning. ... Liquid and gaseous fuels produce little or no smoke, whereas most of the solid fuels burn with smoke. 6. Liquid and gaseous fuels have relatively low ignition temperature and hence they burn more easily than solid fuels..
Ans 3) Three things are required in proper combination before ignition and combustion can take place---Heat, Oxygen and Fuel.
a) There must be Fuel to burn.
b) There must be Air to supply oxygen.
c) There must be Heat (ignition temperature) to start and continue the combustion process.
Ans 4)
a) It should possess high calorific value.
b) It should have proper ignition temperature.
c) It should not produce poisonous products during combustion.
d) It should have moderate rate of combustion.
e) Combustion should be easily controllable i.e., combustion of fuel should be easy to start or stop as and when required.
Ans 5)
a) Clean Energy. Learn more about energy from solar, wind, water, geothermal, biomass and nuclear.
b) Fossil. Learn more about our fossil energy sources: coal, oil and natural gas.
c) Electric Power. Learn more about how we use electricity as an energy source.
d) Energy Storage.
e) Hydrogen & Fuel Cells.
Explanation:
please mark me as brainlist answer