Question

(B) Answer the following questions in four or five lines :(
How did Sultans promote Islam?​

Answer 1

Explanation:

Sultan, Arabic Sulṭān, originally, according to the Qurʾān, moral or spiritual authority; the term later came to denote political or governmental power and from the 11th century was used as a title by Muslim sovereigns. Maḥmūd of Ghazna (reigned AD 998–1030) was the first Muslim ruler to be called sultan by his contemporaries, and under the Seljuqs of Anatolia and Iran it became a regular title. Thereafter it was frequently conferred on sovereigns by the caliph (titular head of the Muslim community) and came to be used throughout the Islāmic world.Faraj, in full Al-malik An-nāṣir Zayn Ad-dīn Abū As-saʿādāt Faraj, (born 1389, Cairo—died 1412, Damascus), 26th Mamlūk ruler of Egypt and Syria; his reign was marked by a loss of internal control of the Mamlūk kingdom, whose rulers were descendants of slaves. Faraj was the victim of forces—including foreign invasion and domestic feuds—that he did not create and could not control.Faraj’s father, Barqūq, died in 1399. While he was a child, two guardians, representing the rival Turkish and Circassian factions, acted for him. As the result of feuds between their factions, Faraj was deposed on Sept. 20, 1405, and his brother al-Malik al-Manṣūr replaced him; but Faraj was reinstated the following November.The invasion of Syria was a serious disability to Faraj because of the loss of revenue. As a consequence the coinage was debased, and new fiscal taxation levies were imposed. Faraj was never able to reconquer Syria, although he led several expeditions against the Syrian Mamlūks, who were his nominal vassals. During one of these expeditions, Faraj was defeated, captured, and imprisoned in Damascus, where he was killed in 1412.