(b) Define the following terms with example.
(i)Neutralisation
(ii)Salt
(iii)Basic salt
(iv)Basicity of an acid
Answers
Answer:
(I) Neutralisation is a reaction where an acid reacts with an alkali to form a neutral solution of a salt and water. Acid + Alkali → Salt + Water.
(ii) Salt, in chemistry, substance produced by the reaction of an acid with a base. A salt consists of the positive ion (cation) of a base and the negative ion (anion) of an acid. ... The term salt is also used to refer specifically to common table salt, or sodium chloride.
(iii) Alkali salts or basic salts are salts that are the product of incomplete neutralization of a strong base and a weak acid. Rather than being neutral, alkali salts are bases as their name suggests. What makes these compounds basic is that the conjugate base from the weak acid hydrolyzes to form a basic solution.
(iv) The Basicity of an acid is defined as the number of replaceable hydrogen atoms of that particular acid by a base. This should not be misinterpreted as the number of hydrogen atoms in that acid.
For example, Hypophosphorous Acid H3PO2 has 3 hydrogen atoms but only one replaceable hydrogen. Thus it is monobasic.
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Answer:
(i) Neutralization : A chemical reaction in which an acid and a base interact with the formation of a salt; with strong acids and bases the essential reaction is the combination of hydrogen ions with hydroxyl ions to form water.
The sodium chloride formed is a result of neutralization reaction.
(ii) Salt : A salt is an ionic compound consisting of a cation such as a metal ion or an ammonium ion from a base and an anion from an acid.
Examples are NaCl, CuSO4, KNO3, and CaCO3
(iii) Basic salt : Those salts which form an basic solution on dissolving in Water are called basic salts.
Example : sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogen carbonate.
(iv) Basicity of an acid : As the number of hydrogen ions which can be produced from one molecule of the acids on complete dissociation while acidity of a base is the number of hydroxyl ions which can be produced from one molecule of the base on complete dissociation.
example is sodium hydrochloride.