Question

(b) Explain the meaning of term 1-Hindustan 2. Foreigner.​

Answer 1

Question

• Explain the term

1. Hindustan:-Hindustan (Persian: هندوستان pronunciation (help·info)), along with its shortened form Hind (هند), are the Persian names for India, broadly the Indian subcontinent, which later became used by its inhabitants in Hindi–Urdu (Hindustani). Other toponyms of the subcontinent include Jambudvipa, Bharata, and India.
2. Foreigner:-a piece of work done for private gain without an employer's permission or without declaration to the relevant authorities.

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Answer 2

Answer:

Explanation:

Current usage

Republic of India

"Hindustan" is often used to refer to the modern day Republic of India.[19][7][8] Slogans involving the term are commonly heard at sports events and other public programmes involving teams or entities representing the modern nation-state of India. In marketing, it is also commonly used as an indicator of national origin in advertising campaigns and is present in many company names. Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan, and his party the Muslim League, insisted on calling the modern-day Republic of India "Hindustan" in reference to its Hindu-majority population.[20]

People

In one usage among Hindustani speakers in India, the term 'Hindustani' refers to an Indian, irrespective of religious affiliation. Among non-Hindustani speakers e.g. Bengali-speakers, "Hindustani" is sometimes used to describe persons who are from the upper Ganges, also regardless of religious affiliation, but rather as a geographic term.

Hindustani is sometimes used as an ethnic term applied to South Asia (e.g., a Mauritian or Surinamese man with roots in South Asia might describe his ethnicity by saying he is Hindustani). For example, Hindoestanen is a Dutch word used to describe people of South Asian origin, in the Netherlands and Suriname.

Language

Main article: Hindustani language

Hindustani is also used to refer to the Hindustani language (not to be confused with Modern Standard Hindi, which alongside Modern Standard Urdu is a literary standard of Hindustani), which derives from the dialect of Western Uttar Pradesh, Southern Uttarakhand and Delhi areas.

The Hindi register itself derives its name from shortened form, Hind (India).[21]

Historical usages

Babur Nama

The country of Hindustan is extensive, full of men and full of produce. On the east, south and even on the west it ends at its great enclosing ocean (muḥiṭ-daryā-sī-gha). On the north it has mountains that connect with those of Hindu-Kush, Kafiristan and Kashmir. North-west of it lies Kabul, Ghazni and Qandahar. Dihlī is held (aīrīmīsh) to be the capital of the whole of Hindustan...

– Babur Nama, A. S. Beveridge, trans., vol. 1, sec. iii: 'Hindustan'[22]

Early Persian scholars had limited knowledge of the extent of India. After the advent of Islam and the Muslim conquests, the meaning of Hindustan interacted with its Arabic variant Hind, which was derived from Persian as well, and almost became synonymous with it. The Arabs, engaging in oceanic trade, included all the lands from Tis in western Balochistan (near modern Chabahar) to the Indonesian archipelago, in their idea of Hind, especially when used in its expansive form as "Al-Hind". Hindustan did not acquire this elaborate meaning. According to André Wink, it also did not acquire the distinction, which faded away, between Sind (roughly what is now western Pakistan) and Hind (the lands to the east of the Indus River);[4][18][23] other sources state that Sind and Hind were used synonymously from early times,[24] and that after the arrival of Islamic rule in India, "the variants Hind and Sind were used, as synonyms, for the entire subcontinent."[25] The 10th century text Hudud al-Alam defined Hindustan as roughly the Indian subcontinent, with its western limit formed by the river Indus, southern limit going up to the Great Sea and the eastern limit at Kamarupa, the present day Assam.[17] For the next ten centuries, both Hind and Hindustan were used within the subcontinent with exactly this meaning, along with their adjectives Hindawi, Hindustani and Hindi.[26][27][28] Indeed, in 1220 A.D., historian Hasan Nizami described Hind as being "from Peshawar to the shores of the [Indian] Ocean, and in the other direction from Siwistan to the hills of Chin."[29]