b. Explain the structure, function and types of RNA.
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Explain the structure, function, and types of RNA.
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An RNA nucleotide has three main components - a nitrogenous base, a ribose sugar, and a phosphate group.
∙ The ribose sugar and the phosphates form the backbone of a polynucleotide chain with nitrogenous bases linked to sugar moiety and projecting from the backbone.
∙ Two types of nitrogenous bases are present i.e. Purines (Adenine and Guanine) and Pyrimidines (Cytosine and Uracil).
∙ RNA helps in transforming information present in the form of DNA into protein.
There are 3 types of RNA:
1. mRNA (messenger RNA) - It serves as a template for protein synthesis. DNA is transcribed to form an mRNA, which in turn is translated to form a protein.
2. tRNA (transfer RNA) - It brings amino acids during translation and reads the genetic code.
3. rRNA (ribosomal RNA) - These are the workbenches of translation. They play a structural and catalytic role during translation.