(B) Given below are some statements about federations.
Identify which of them are advantages of the formation of linguistic states in India
using the codes given below:
(i) It has made the country more united.
(ii) It has made administration easier
. (iii) Constitutional provisions are not necessary for the success of federalism
(iv) Indian constitution gives the status of national language to Hindi. Options:
(a) Only (i) and (iii) are correct.
(b) Only (iii) and (iv) are correct
(c) Only (i) and (ii) are correct.
(d) Only (ii) and (iv) are correct.
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Answers
Answer:
The creation of Linguistic States was the first and a major test for democratic politics in our country. In 1947, the boundaries of several old States of India were changed in order to create new States. This was done to ensure that people who spoke the same language lived in the same State. Some States were created not on the basis of language but to recognise differences based on culture, ethnicity or geography.
These include States like Nagaland, Uttarakhand and Jharkhand. When the demand for the formation of States on the basis of language was raised, some national leaders feared that it would lead to the disintegration of the country. The Central Government resisted linguistic States for some time. But the experience has shown that the formation of linguistic States has actually made the country, more united. It has also made administration easier.
(i) It has made the country more united.
=>Formation of linguistics States
(iii) Constitutional provisions are not necessary for the success of federalism
=>Practical Application of Indian Federalism.
Like other federalism, in India also Constitutional provisions are necessary forthe success of federalism but these are not sufficient for its practical application.
If the federal experiment has succeeded in India, it is not merely because of the clearly laid out constitutional provisions.
The real success of federalism in India can be attributed to the nature of democratic politics in our country i.e.,
spirit of freedom
respect for diversity
desire for living together
secular outlook
Major tests or experiments for the success of federalism.
(i) Linguistic States : Regarding federalism the first and a major test for democratic politics in our country was the creation of linguistic states. In 1947, the boundaries of several old states of India were changed to ensure that people who spoke the same languages lived in the same state.
The formation of linguistic states has made the country more united and also made the administration easier.
(ii) Language Policy : Framing of language policy was another test for Indian federation. Under the language policy Hindi has been identified as the official language. At the same time many safeguards have been provided for other languages.
(iii) Central-State Relations: Restructring the centre- state relations is one more way in which federalism has been strengthened in practice. The period after 1990 saw the beginning of the new era of coalition government and the rise of regional political parties in many states of the country.
All these tests and practical aspects show that in India federal power sharing is more effective today than it was in the early years after the Constitution came into force.
(iv) Indian constitution gives the status of national language to Hindi. Options:
Only (i) and (iii) are correct.