Question

b) Plant two plants and observe their growth and record the changes in
them.
​

Answer 1

Explanation:

To capture enough data on the overall health of your plants, we recommend that you record at least one final weight measure, one measure of root health, and all of the observation measurements that pertain to the type of plant you are using.

Weighing Plants: Fresh vs. Dry Weight

• Measuring Fresh Weight: While you can technically measure the fresh weight of plants without harming them, the simple act of removing a plant from its growing "medium" can cause trauma and affect the ongoing growth rate and thus your experiment. Measuring the fresh weight of plants is tricky and should probably be saved as a final measure of growth at the end of the experiment. Here is the process for measuring fresh weight:

1. Remove plants from soil and wash off any loose soil.
2. Blot plants gently with soft paper towel to remove any free surface moisture.
3. Weigh immediately (plants have a high composition of water, so waiting to weigh them may lead to some drying and therefore produce inaccurate data).

• Measuring dry weight: Since plants have a high composition of water and the level of water in a plant will depend on the amount of water in its environment (which is very difficult to control), using dry weight as a measure of plant growth tends to be more reliable. You can only capture this data once as a final measure at the conclusion of your experiment.

1. Remove the plants from the soil and wash off any loose soil.
2. Blot the plants removing any free surface moisture.
3. Dry the plants in an oven set to low heat (100° F) overnight.
4. Let the plants cool in a dry environment (a Ziploc bag will keep moisture out) - in a humid environment the plant tissue will take up water. Once the plants have cooled weigh them on a scale.
5. Plants contain mostly water, so make sure you have a scale that goes down to milligrams since a dry plant will not weight very much.

Root Mass

Root mass is recommended as a final measurement as the plant must be removed from its growing medium in order to capture accurate data. There are quite a few different methods for measuring root mass depending on the type and structure of the roots

Grid intersect technique:

1. Remove the plant from the soil.
2. If you are working with thin or light roots, you may want to dye the roots using an acidic stain.
3. Lay the roots on a grid pattern and count the number of times the roots intersect the grid.

• Trace the roots on paper, measure each of the tracings, and calculate root length from the tracings.
• Count the number of roots.
• Measure the diameter of the root. This is especially useful for root vegetables such as beets, carrots, potatoes, etc. that have a large root.

Root Shoot Ratio

Roots allow a plant to absorb water and nutrients from the surrounding soil, and a healthy root system is key to a healthy plant. The root:shoot ratio is one measure to help you assess the overall health of your plants. Your control group of plants will provide you with a "normal" root:shoot ratio for each of your plant types, any changes from this normal level (either up or down) would be an indication of a change in the overall health of your plant. It is important to combine the data from the root:shoot ratio with data from observations to get an accurate understanding of what is happening with your plants. For example, an increase in root:shoot ratio could be an indication of a healthier plant, provided the increase came from greater root size and NOT from a decrease in shoot weight. To measure the root:shoot ratio:

1. Remove the plants from soil and wash off any loose soil.
2. Blot the plants removing any free surface moisture.
3. Dry the plants in an oven set to low heat (100° F) overnight.
4. Let the plants cool in a dry environment (a Ziploc bag will keep moisture out) - in a humid environment the tissue will take up water. Once the plants have cooled weigh them on a scale.
5. Separate the root from the top (cut at soil line).
6. Separately weigh and record the root and top for each plant. (Dry weight for roots/dry weight for top of plant = root/shoot ratio)
7. The root/shoot ratio can be calculated for each treatment.
8. Plants contain mostly water, so make sure you have a scale that goes down to milligrams since a dry plant will not weight very much.

Observation

There are many different features of a plant that can be measured through observation to determine the extent of plant growth/health. The following table describes some of the measures that you can make and also recommends how frequently you should make these observations during the course of your experiment.

Answer 2

Answer:

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