Question

b. The changed nature of village economy (any two points)
5. Discuss three reasons for the decline of traditional Indian textile industries.
6. How did Dadabhai Naoroji explain the drain of wealth from India to Great Britain)​

Answer 1

Answer:

5.(1) Stiff Competition From Mill Products.

(2) Flood Of British Goods In The Market.

(3) High Taxes Imposed By The British On Such Items.

6.Naoroji emphasised three types of drain. First, the most important item was the remittance to England of a proportion of salaries, incomes, and saving by civil, military employees of the British origin, as well as by professionals such as lawyers and doctors. These, together with the payment in sterling by the government of India of the pensions and allowances of British officials, constituted a heavy burden on the resources of India.

The second item was military expenditure. Just as in the case of civil servants, the remittances of a proportion of salaries, incomes and savings by British military personnel and the payment in sterling by the government of India of pensions and other allowances to the army officers, constituted an item of drain.

It was observed that a poor country like India was made to subsidise the imperial defence. The third item was the remittances made in sterling of interest on loans for construction and maintenance of public works such as railways, irrigation works, etc. The drain theory served as a basis for wide protests, and nationalist mobilisation against the British rule.

Answer 2

Answer:

B)

• Land became a saleable commodity, which could be bought, sold or mortgaged.

• A new class of zamindars who were loyal to the British and completely indifferent to the welfare of the peasants arose in society.

• The condition of the peasants grew worse and gradually, most of them became landless.

5)

• Under the British, India was turned into an exporter of raw materials and an importer of finished goods.

• Raw materials, which should have been used by Indian industries, were exported to England, while India was forced to buy machine-made English goods.

• The British began to follow the policy of 'one way free trade'. This meant that British textiles coming into India did not pay any duty while Indian textiles sent to England had to pay prohibitive duties.

6) Dadabhai Naoroji, one of the greatest leaders of India, wrote in his book Poverty and Un-British Rule in India that throughout the British rule,there was a continuous drain is wealth from India to Great Britain.