b) The given figure shows the diagrammatic representation of an RBC kept in three different kinds of solutions.[5] i) Name the three solutions in which RBCs are kept. ii) What changes take place to the RBCs after sometimes? iii) Give reasons for the changes.
Answers
Explanation:
Red blood cells (RBCs) units are the most requested transfusion product worldwide. Indications for transfusion include symptomatic anaemia, acute sickle cell crisis, and acute blood loss of more than 30% of the blood volume, with the aim of restoring tissue oxygen delivery. However, stored RBCs from donors are not a qualitative equal product, and, in many ways, this is a matter of concern in the transfusion practice. Besides donor-to-donor variation, the storage time influences the RBC unit at the qualitative level, as RBCs age in the storage bag and are exposed to the so-called storage lesion. Several studies have shown that the storage lesion leads to post-transfusion enhanced clearance, plasma transferrin saturation, nitric oxide scavenging and/or immunomodulation with potential unwanted transfusion-related clinical outcomes, such as acute lung injury or higher mortality rate. While, to date, several studies have claimed the risk or deleterious effects of “old” vs “young” RBC transfusion regimes, it is still a matter of debate, and consideration should be taken of the clinical context. Transfusion-dependent patients may benefit from transfusion with “young” RBC units, as it assures longer inter-transfusion periods, while transfusion with “old” RBC units is not itself harmful. Unbiased Omics approaches are being applied to the characterisation of RBC through storage, to better understand the (patho)physiological role of microparticles (MPs) that are found naturally, and also on stored RBC units. Perhaps RBC storage time is not an accurate surrogate for RBC quality and there is a need to establish which parameters do indeed reflect optimal efficacy and safety. A better Omics characterisation of components of “young” and “old” RBC units, including MPs, donor and recipient, might lead to the development of new therapies, including the use of engineered RBCs or MPs as cell-based drug delivering tools, or cost-effective personalised transfusion strategies.
Keywords: RBCs, transfusion, storage, microparticles, Omics
Red blood cells: description and physiological ageing
Red blood cells (RBCs), or erythrocytes, are the cells in charge of delivering oxygen to the body tissues, and carbon dioxide from the body tissues towards the lungs. They lack a nucleus and most organelles, and contain mainly haemoglobin, the specialised metalloprotein tetramere whose haeme groups actively bind gas molecules. In the circulation, an erythrocyte, which is 6–8 microns in diameter, must elongate and deform to pass through the capillaries and the splenic red pulp endothelial slits. Thus, during its 120-day life-span, the erythrocyte undergoes extensive passive deformation and must be mechanically stable to resist fragmentation1.
Answer:
uhhh
Explanation:
where is the figure dude?