b) Voluntary muscles and involuntary muscles Q.7 Give reasons. a) Houses in hilly areas are made of wood. b) Balanced diet is important for children. c) Use of CNG fuel should be promoted. Q.8 Give two examples of each. 1. Kharif crop a) ii. i Protein rich food, b) ii. i. c) Animals that migrate. d) Sense organs. Greenhouse gases i. ii. e) i. ii. Answer the lowing ou brief
Answers
Explanation:
Skeletal muscle or voluntary muscles is one of the three types of muscles in the human body- the others being visceral and cardiac muscles. It is a muscle tissue that is attached to the bones and is involved in the functioning of different parts of the body. A voluntary muscle come under the control of the nervous system in the body.
In the given options alimentary canal, bronchi of lungs and iris in the eye are made up of involuntary muscles. In limbs, voluntary muscles are found.
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Answer:
Q.1. List the name of the human body cell/tissues that:
a) Display ameboid movement
b) Display ciliary movement
A.1. a) Macrophages and leucocytes. Cytoskeletal elements such as microfilaments are involved too. b) They mostly occur in internal organs that are lined by the ciliated epithelium. Cilia in the trachea, Ciliated epithelium in the fallopian tube.
Q.2. A complete coordinated activity of muscular _______, _________ systems leads to locomotion.
A.2. Skeletal system and neural systems.
Q.3. Name the cell referring to sarcoplasm, sarcoplasmic reticulum, and sarcolemma. Also, list the parts of cells that refer to these names.
A.3. Each muscle cell or fibre is lined by the plasma membrane known as the sarcolemma which contains the sarcoplasm. A muscle fibre is a syncytium as the sarcoplasm possesses many nuclei. The sarcoplasmic reticulum of the muscle fibres stores calcium ions.
Q.4. Mark the components of the actin filament in the diagram given below:
A.4. Troponin, Tropomyosin, F-actin.
Q.5. List the correct order of the middle ear bones called as ear ossicles starting from the eardrum.
A.5. Malleus, incus, and stapes.
Q.6. State the difference between the matrix of bones and cartilage.
A.6. The matrix of bones has an inflexible material called the ossein and contains calcium salts whereas the matrix of cartilage has a flexible material, the chondrin and may or may not have calcium salts.
Q.7. Where in the body is the ball and socket joint present?
A.7. They are present between the humerus and pectoral girdle – the shoulder joints, hip joints, femur bone in socket pelvic girdle.
Q.8.What is locomotion?
A.8. Locomotion is the ability of an organism to move from one place to another place.
Q.9.What are the different types of locomotion in humans?
A.9.Walking, running, swimming, jumping are the different types of locomotion.
Q.10.How is locomotion different from the movement?
A.10. Locomotion is the displacement of a body from one place to another. On the contrary, movement is the displacement of a body or a part of the body from its original position.
Short Answer Type Questions
Q.1. Define the following terms with respect to rib cage:
a) Bicephalic ribs
c) True ribs
c) Floating ribs
A.1. a) Each rib has two articulating surfaces on its dorsal end and is referred to as bicephalic ribs. b) These are the first seven pairs of ribs which are ventrally attached to the sternum with the assistance of hyaline cartilage and dorsally appended to the thoracic vertebrae. c) They are the last two pair of ribs and are not attached ventrally to the sternum hence the name.
Q.2. Old people usually suffer from inflamed and stiff joints, name the condition. State the reasons for the symptoms.
A.2. It is called osteoporosis. It is an age-related disorder symbolized by diminishing bone mass and higher chances of fractures. In old-aged females, it is commonly caused due to decreasing levels in the estrogen hormones after menopause.
Q.3. List two hormones causing fluctuation of Ca++ level.
A.3. Parathyroid hormone and Calcitonin.
Q.4. What is Gout?
A.4. It is the inflammation of the joints which is produced due to the buildup of uric acid crystals in the synovial joints which causes movement to become painful and difficult.
Q.5. What is the significance of locomotion in animals?
A.5. In animals, locomotion plays an important role in helping them to move from one place to another. Animals move for many reasons to support their living. Therefore they walk, run, jump, fly, swim and to escape from their predators.
Q.6. Where do muscle contractions derive their energy from?
A.6. From ATP. Every myosin molecule contains myosin ATPase, an enzyme at its head. In the presence of this enzyme along with Ca2+, Mg2+ ions, the inorganic phosphate, and ADP it is disintegrated by ATP to release energy from the myosin head. This energy causes myosin to cross bridges to bind to actin. These cross-bridges that are energized, move, resulting in the sliding of thin myofilaments with the thick myofilaments, thereby causing muscle contraction.