Question

b) What observation in a scattering experiment led Rutherford to make the following
observations:
0 Most of the space in an atom is empty
i) Nucleus is positively charged.
i) Mention any two drawbacks of Rutherford's model.​

Answer 1

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Rutherford gold foil experiment:-

Rutherford took a thick gold foil and let a ray passed from the foil. Most of the rays of light passed through the gold foil without any deflection. A very small fraction of light passed through the gold foil with big angles or bounced back.

From the following experiment, Rutherford concluded that:-

i) Most of the space in an atom is empty

•Since most of the light rays passed through the foil without any deflection, most of the space in the atom must be empty.

ii) Nucleus is positively charged.

•Since a very small fraction of light rays passed with big angles or bounced back, Rutherford concluded that the positive mass must be concentrated at the centre of the atom. Rutherford named this sense positive mass as the Nucleus and the electrons are revolving around the nucleus at high speed.

iii)Mention any two drawbacks of Rutherford's model.​

•Rutherford suggested that the electrons revolve around the nucleus at high speed in circular orbits. But according to the electromagnetic theory, an electron or any charged particle will loose energy and there will be continuous radiation of energy leading to the fall of the electron on the nucleus and complete downfall of the Rutherford's model.

•Rutherford proposed that electrons revolve around the nucleus in fixed energy levels or orbits but he did not specify the number of orbits and number of electrons in each orbit.


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