Babri masjid history
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Babri Masjid (IAST: Bābarī Masjid; meaning Mosque of Babur) was a mosque in Ayodhya, India, at a site believed by many Hindus to be the birthplace of Hindu deity Rama. It has been a focus of dispute between the Hindu and Muslim communities since the 18th century.[1] According to the mosque's inscriptions, it was built in 1528–29 (935 AH) by general Mir Baqi, on the orders of the Mughal emperor Babur. The mosque was attacked and demolished by a Hindu nationalist mob in 1992, which ignited communal violence across the Indian subcontinent.
Babri Masjid
Masjid-i-Janmasthan
Babri Masjid
19th century photo by Samuel Bourne
Religion
Affiliation
Islam
Location
Location
Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India
Babri Masjid is located in IndiaBabri Masjid
Location in India
Geographic coordinates
26.7956°N 82.1945°E
Architecture
Style
Tughlaq
Completed
1528–29
Demolished
1992
The mosque was located on a hill known as Ramkot ("Rama's fort").[2] According to Hindus, Baqi destroyed a pre-existing temple of Rama at the site. The existence of this temple is a matter of controversy.[3] However, Archaeological Survey of India conducted an excavation of the disputed site on the orders of Supreme court. Various materials have been found during excavation which resemble the presence of Hindu structure beneath. Also, supreme court noted that the Babri Masjid was not built on a vacant land and the excavated underneath structure was not Islamic in nature.[4][5][6]
Starting in the 19th century, there were several conflicts and court disputes between Hindus and Muslims over the mosque. In 1949, Hindu activists associated with the Hindu Mahasabha surreptitiously placed idols of Rama inside the mosque, after which the government locked the building to avoid further disputes. Court cases were filed by both Hindus and Muslims asking for access.[7] The police locked the gates so that the public (Hindus as well as Muslims) could not enter.[8]
On 6 December 1992, a large group of Hindu activists belonging to the Vishva Hindu Parishad and allied organisations demolished the mosque, triggering riots all over the Indian subcontinent, killing around 2,000 people.[9][10][11][12]
In September 2010, the Allahabad High Court upheld the Hindu claim that the mosque was built on the spot believed to be Rama's birthplace and awarded the site of the central dome for the construction of a Rama temple. Muslims were also awarded one-third area of the site for the construction of a mosque.[13][14] The decision was subsequently appealed by all parties to the Supreme Court, wherein a five judge bench heard a title suit from August to October 2019.[14][15] On 9 November 2019, the Supreme Court quashed the lower court's judgement and ordered the entire site (2.77-acre land) to be handed over to a trust to build the Hindu temple. It also ordered the government to give an alternative five-acre plot to the Uttar Pradesh Sunni Central Waqf Board to replace the Babri Masjid that was demolished in 1992.[16] The government allotted a site in the village of Dhannipur, 11 miles (18 km) from Ayodhya and 19 miles (30 km) by road from the site of the original Babri Masjid.[17][18] The construction of the mosque started on 26 January 2021.[19][20]
Etymology