Babur ruled extended from kabul to which region
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Explanation:
This article is about the Mughal Emperor. For the male given name, see Babar. For the amphipod crustacean, see Babr. For other uses, see Babur (disambiguation).
Babur
Ghazi[1]
Babur
Idealized portrait of Babur, early 17th century
Mughal Emperor (Padishah)
Reign 20 April 1526 – 26 December 1530
Predecessor Ibrahim Lodhi last sultan of Lodhi dynasty (as Sultan of Delhi)
Successor Humayun
Ruler of Kabul
Reign 1504–1530
Ruler of Samarqand
1st reign 1497–1498
2nd reign 1500–1501
3rd reign 1511–1512
Ruler of Ferghana
1st reign 1494–1497
2nd reign 1498–1500
Born Zahīr ud-Dīn Muhammad
14 February 1483
Andijan, Timurid Empire
Died 26 December 1530 (aged 47)
Agra, Mughal Empire
Burial Bagh-e Babur, Kabul, Afghanistan
Consort Maham Begum
Wives Aisha Sultan Begum
Zainab Sultan Begum
Masuma Sultan Begum
Bibi Mubarika
Gulrukh Begum
Dildar Begum
Gulnar Aghacha
Nazgul Aghacha
Saliha Sultan Begum (disputed)
Issue Humayun
Kamran Mirza
Askari Mirza
Hindal Mirza
Ahmad Mirza
Shahrukh Mirza
Barbul Mirza
Alwar Mirza
Faruq Mirza
Fakhr-un-Nissa Begum
Aisan Daulat Begum
Meher Jahan Begum
Masuma Sultan Begum
Gulzar Begum
Gulrukh Begum
Gulbadan Begum
Gulchehra Begum
Gulrang Begum
Names
Zahir-ud-din Muhammad Babur
Posthumous name
Firdaws Makani (Dwelling in Paradise; Persian: فردوس مکانی)
Dynasty Timurid (by birth)
Mughal (founder)
Father Umar Sheikh Mirza, ʿAmīr of Ferghana Valley
Mother Qutlugh Nigar Khanum
Religion Sunni Islam[2]
Mughal emperors
Babur 1526–1530
Humayun (first reign) 1530–1540
Humayun (second reign) 1555–1556
Akbar 1556–1605
Jahangir 1605–1627
Shahryar Mirza (de facto) 1627–1628
Shah Jahan 1628–1658
Alamgir I (Aurangzeb) 1658–1707
Muhammad Azam Shah 1707
Bahadur Shah I 1707–1712
Jahandar Shah 1712–1713
Farrukhsiyar 1713–1719
Rafi ud-Darajat 1719
Shah Jahan II 1719
Muhammad Shah 1719–1748
Ahmad Shah Bahadur 1748–1754
Alamgir II 1754–1759
Shah Jahan III 1759–1760
Shah Alam II (first reign) 1760–1788
Jahan Shah 1788
Shah Alam II (second reign) 1788–1806
Akbar II 1806–1837
Bahadur Shah II 1837–1857
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Campaigns of Babur
Babur (Persian: بابر, romanized: Bābur, lit. 'tiger';[3][4] 14 February 1483 – 26 December 1530), born Zahīr ud-Dīn Muhammad, was the founder of the Mughal Empire and first Emperor of the Mughal dynasty (r. 1526–1530) in the Indian subcontinent. He was a descendant of Timur and Genghis Khan through his father and mother respectively.[5][6][7] He was also given the posthumous name of Firdaws Makani ('Dwelling in Paradise').[8]
Of Chagatai Turkic origin[9] and born in Andijan in the Fergana Valley (in present-day Uzbekistan), Babur was the eldest son of Umar Sheikh Mirza (1456–1494, governor of Fergana from 1469 to 1494) and a great-great grandson of Timur (1336–1405). Babur ascended the throne of Fergana in its capital Akhsikent in 1494 at the age of twelve and faced rebellion. He conquered Samarkand two years later, only to lose Fergana soon after. In his attempt to reconquer Fergana, he lost control of Samarkand. In 1501 his attempt to recapture both the regions failed when Muhammad Shaybani Khan defeated him. In 1504 he conquered Kabul, which was under the putative rule of Abdur Razaq Mirza, the infant heir of Ulugh Beg II. Babur formed a partnership with the Safavid ruler Ismail I and reconquered parts of Turkistan, including Samarkand, only to again lose it and the other newly conquered lands to the Sheybanids.
After losing Samarkand for the third time, Babur turned his attention to India and employed aid from the neighbouring Safavid and Ottoman empires[10] Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi, Sultan of Delhi, at the First Battle of Panipat in 1526 CE and founded the Mughal Empire. At the time, the sultanate at Delhi was a spent force that was long crumbling. The Mewar kingdom, under the able rule of Rana Sanga, had turned into one of the strongest powers of northern India.[11] Sanga unified several Rajput clans for the first time after Prithviraj Chauhan and advanced on Babur with a grand coalition of 100,000 Rajputs. However, Sanga suffered a major defeat in the Battle of Khanwa due to Babur's skillful positioning of troops and modern tactics and firepower. The Battle of Khanua was one of the most decisive battles in Indian history, more so than the First Battle of Panipat, as the defeat of Rana Sanga was a watershed event in the Mughal conquest of northern India.[12][13][14]
Babur married several times. Notable among his sons are Humayun, Kamran Mirza and Hindal Mirza. Babur died in 1530 in Agra and Humayun succeeded him. Babur was first buried in Agra but, as per his wishes, his remains were moved to Kabul and reburied.[15] He ranks as a national hero in Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan. Many of his poems have become popular folk songs. He wrote the Baburnama in Chaghatai Turkic; it was translated into Persian during the reign (1556–1605) of his grandson, the Emperor Akbar.