Social Sciences, asked by AmitojSingh01, 1 year ago

Barack Obama contribution against apartheid

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Answered by Princess1234567
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The movement against apartheid grew out of anti-colonial attitudes spurred at the end of World War II.

It gradually won supporters in the United Nations, Great Britain and Europe throughout the 1950s and 1960s. Colleges provided support for the movement during the 1970s, as students aimed calls for disinvestment from South Africa at both governments and businesses.

Lawmakers in Washington initially resisted the ideas of divestment and sanctions, but the movement picked up steam in the 1980s.

One reason: a new South Africa constitution that maintained apartheid, triggering renewed protests by the nation's majority black population.

In the White House, President Ronald Reagan -- opposing sanctions -- proposed what aides called "constructive engagement," a program of economic and political incentives designed to wean the white majority government away from apartheid. At the height of the Cold War with the Soviet Union, Reagan and aides feared that a sudden collapse of the government in South Africa would send the nation into the communist orbit.

Congress, however, responded with the Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act of 1986, which banned new U.S. investments in South Africa, sales to the police and the military, and certain types of bank loans. It prohibited the import of South African agricultural goods, textiles, shellfish, steel, iron, uranium and products of state-owned corporations, according to the African Activist Archive, an online collection of documents, photographs and testimonies..

Reagan vetoed the bill, but Congress overrode him. Congress also passed a series of sanctions against South Africa. The next year, Congress ended the ability of American businesses to claim tax credits in the United States for taxes paid in South Africa.

Attempts by the United States and other nations to economically isolate South Africa put intense pressure on the government in Pretoria and contributed to historic changes.

"It was a combination," said Richard Knight, project director of the African Activist Archive. "The internal movement in South Africa was supported by the international anti-apartheid movement."

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