based on the IUPAC guidelines name the elements with atomic number 101 onwards.Also give official name of the elements whose identities have been established
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Elements of atomic numbers of 101 to 103 have trivial names and corresponding two letter symbols approved by IUPAC. The status of these names and symbols is in no way affected by the recommendation of systematic names for elements of atomic numbers greater than 100.
Elements of atomic numbers greater than 103 are often referred to in the scientific literature but receive names only after they have been 'discovered'. Names are needed for indexing and other purposes and the Commission on Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry was asked to make recommendations concerning names and symbols of the heavy 'unknown' elements. The Commission decided that these elements would be best named systematically and that names should accord with the following principles:
(i) The names should be short and obviously related to the atomic numbers of the elements.
(ii) The names should end in 'ium' whether the element was expected to be a metal or otherwise.
(iii) The symbols for the systematically named elements should consist of three letters.
(iv) The symbols should be derived directly from the atomic numbers and be visually related to the names as far as possible.
The reasons for principles (i), (ii), and (iv) are obvious but those for (iii) are not so immediately apparent. The Commission recommends the use of three-letter symbols because any systematically derived set of two-letter symbols will tend to duplicate some of the two-letter symbols of elements of atomic numbers less than 104. Any ad hoc method of removing such duplication will destroy the systematic derivation of the symbol.
The existence of a systematic nomenclature for the unknown elements does not deny the right of 'discoverers' of new elements to suggest other names to the Commission after their discovery has been established beyond all doubt in the general scientific community. For elements 101-103 the systematic names are minor alternatives to the trivial names already approved by IUPAC. The systematic names and symbols for elements of atomic numbers greater than 103 are the only approved names and symbols for those elements until the approval of trivial names by IUPAC.
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