Basic
A. Fill in the blanks.
1. Each proton in an atom has 1 unit of megoline charge.
2. The law of
of charges states that charges can neither be created
nor destroyed.
3. A glass rod rubbed with a silk cloth and an ebonite rod rubbed with fur will
each other when brought close.
4. When we rub a balloon on our hair and bring it near small bits of paper, the
bits of paper get charged by
5. A sudden jump of charges from one charged body to another through air,
producing a spark, is called an
6. During lightning, the bottom part of clouds is
charged.
7. During lightning, we should stay away from
appliances
mantle
lled the
Answers
Answer:
Electric charge, basic property of matter carried by some elementary particles that governs how the particles are affected by an electric or magnetic field. Electric charge, which can be positive or negative, occurs in discrete natural units and is neither created nor destroyed.Electric charges are of two general types: positive and negative. Two objects that have an excess of one type of charge exert a force of repulsion on each other when relatively close together. Two objects that have excess opposite charges, one positively charged and the other negatively charged, attract each other when relatively near. (See Coulomb force.)
Many fundamental, or subatomic, particles of matter have the property of electric charge. For example, electrons have negative charge and protons have positive charge, but neutrons have zero charge. The negative charge of each electron is found by experiment to have the same magnitude, which is also equal to that of the positive charge of each proton. Charge thus exists in natural units equal to the charge of an electron or a proton, a fundamental physical constant. A direct and convincing measurement of an electron’s charge, as a natural unit of electric charge, was first made (1909) in the Millikan oil-drop experiment. Atoms of matter are electrically neutral because their nuclei contain the same number of protons as there are electrons surrounding the nuclei. Electric current and charged objects involve the separation of some of the negative charge of neutral atoms. Current in metal wires consists of a drift of electrons of which one or two from each atom are more loosely bound than the rest. Some of the atoms in the surface layer of a glass rod positively charged by rubbing it with a silk cloth have lost electrons, leaving a net positive charge because of the unneutralized protons of their nuclei. A negatively charged object has an excess of electrons on its surface.
Millikan oil-drop experiment
Millikan oil-drop experiment
Between 1909 and 1910 the American physicist Robert Millikan conducted a series of oil-drop experiments. By comparing applied electric force with changes in the motion of the oil drops, he was able to determine the electric charge on each drop. He found that all of the drops had charges that were simple multiples of a single number, the fundamental charge of the electron.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Explanation: