Basic difference between eukarotic and prokarotic genomic structures
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In prokaryotes:
The structural genes are polycistronic and continuous.
A single DNA dependent RNA polymerase catalyses the transcription of all three types of RNA that is mRNA, tRNA & rRNA
The DNA strands unwind and one of the strands (3' → 5’) acts as the template strand.
The RNA polymerase binds at the promoter site for transcription.
It uses ribonucleotides for polymerization on a DNA template following complementary of bases.
As unwinding continues, the new strand of RNA also elongates. Polymerisation occurs in the 5’ → 3’ direction.
When RNA polymerase falls on the terminator sequence, the synthesis stops and the new RNA strand is liberated.
In Eukaryotes:
The structural genes are split.
They have exons interspread with introns. (the coding and non coding sequence respectively)
The primary transcript of RNA undergoes splicing, by which the introns are removed and the exons are joined together.
The hnRNA undergoes two additional processes called, capping and tailing to become mRNA.
Methyl guanosine tri phosphate is added to the 5’ end of hnRNA in capping.
Adenylate residues (about 200 – 300) are added at the 3’ end in tailing.
The fully processed hnRNA is called mRNA is released from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
The structural genes are polycistronic and continuous.
A single DNA dependent RNA polymerase catalyses the transcription of all three types of RNA that is mRNA, tRNA & rRNA
The DNA strands unwind and one of the strands (3' → 5’) acts as the template strand.
The RNA polymerase binds at the promoter site for transcription.
It uses ribonucleotides for polymerization on a DNA template following complementary of bases.
As unwinding continues, the new strand of RNA also elongates. Polymerisation occurs in the 5’ → 3’ direction.
When RNA polymerase falls on the terminator sequence, the synthesis stops and the new RNA strand is liberated.
In Eukaryotes:
The structural genes are split.
They have exons interspread with introns. (the coding and non coding sequence respectively)
The primary transcript of RNA undergoes splicing, by which the introns are removed and the exons are joined together.
The hnRNA undergoes two additional processes called, capping and tailing to become mRNA.
Methyl guanosine tri phosphate is added to the 5’ end of hnRNA in capping.
Adenylate residues (about 200 – 300) are added at the 3’ end in tailing.
The fully processed hnRNA is called mRNA is released from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
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Answer:
Prokaryotes are typically haploid, usually having a single circular chromosome found in the nucleoid. Eukaryotes are diploid; DNA is organized into multiple linear chromosomes found in the nucleus. Supercoiling and DNA packaging using DNA binding proteins allows lengthy molecules to fit inside a cell.
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