basic themes and indicators of development
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basic themes and indicators of development
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
- GDP is s how much money a country makes from its products over the course of a year.
Gross National Product (GNP)
- GNP is the GDP of a nation together with any money that has been earned by investment abroad minus the income earned by non-nationals within the nation.
Birth and death rates
- Crude Birth and Death rates (per 1000) can be used as an overall measure of the state of healthcare and education in a country, though these numbers do not give a full picture of a nation’s situation.
The Human Development Index (HDI)
The HDI is a composite statistic calculated from the:
Life expectancy index
Education index
Mean years of schooling index
Expected years of schooling index
Income index
Countries are ranked based on their score and split into categories that suggest how well developed they are.
Infant mortality rate
Infant mortality rate is the number of infants dying before reaching one year of age per 1,000 live births in a given year.
Literacy rate
The rate, or percentage, of people who are able to read is a useful indicator of the state of education within a country.
High female literacy rates generally correspond with an increase in the knowledge of contraception and a falling birth rate.
Life expectancy
This simple statistic can be used as an indicator of the:
healthcare quality in a country or province
level of sanitation
provision of care for the elderly
It should not, of course, be used on its own to describe these things
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