Be a Historian
Palaeoanthropologists have been working in the Middle Awash region of north-eastern
Ethiopia for nearly 40 years. (A scientist who studies the extinct members of the genus
Homo sapiens by means of their fossil remains is a palaeoanthropologist.)
The Middle Awash project team worked for 3 years to excavate the 'Ardi' skeleton at a place
called Aramis in the Afar Rift of Ethiopia. The recovery effort involved many scientists from
around the world. The skeleton recovery effort ended in 1997. The team recovered more
than 125 pieces of one individual, whom they named Ardi.
Ardi is a 4.4 million-year-old female skeleton. Hers is the oldest hominid skeleton found till date. The skeleton
includes important bones of the hands, limbs, feet, and pelvis. Most of the skull with its teeth was preserved. These
fossil bones offer important insights into how Ardi was built anatomically, and how she walked and moved. Ardi's
skeleton demonstrates that she was able to both walk upright and climb trees with a grasping big toe.
Why is it important to study the hands, limbs, feet and pelvis of our early ancestors?
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HISTORY
Answers
Answer:
The Middle Awash is a paleoanthropological research area[1] in the Afar Region along the Awash River in Ethiopia's Afar Depression. It is a unique natural laboratory for the study of human origins and evolution and a number of fossils of the earliest hominins, particularly of the Australopithecines, as well as some of the oldest known Olduwan stone artifacts, have been found at the site—all of late Miocene, the Pliocene, and the very early Pleistocene times, that is, about 5.6 million years ago (mya) to 2.5 mya. [2][3] [4] It is broadly thought that the divergence of the lines of the earliest humans (hominins) and of chimpanzees (hominids) was completed near the beginning of that time range, or sometime between seven and five mya. However, the larger community of scientists provide several estimates for periods of divergence that imply a greater range for this event, see CHLCA: human-chimpanzee split.[5][6]
A recent find of Australopithecus anamensis is dated to about 4.2 million years ago, which separates it only 200 thousand years from an earlier fossil of the more primitive Ardipithecus ramidus (at 4.4 million years ago). Australopithecus garhi fossils are dated as recent as the very early Pleistocene, or 2.5 mya; fossils of Homo erectus in the Daka member at the site (at 1 mya) and Homo sapiens idaltu (at 160 ka ago) are found in the middle and late Pleistocene. And patches of fire-baked clay, disputed as evidences of the controlled use of fire, are also found in that later period.[7]
Sediments at the site were originally deposited in lakes or rivers, and carbonates found there contain low carbon isotope ratios. This information suggests that the environment of the Middle Awash was wet during the late Miocene, and that this currently arid region was occupied then by woodland or grassy woodland habitats. Fossil remains of other vertebrates found with the hominins, including the cane rat, further suggest such an environment.[5] The region was the site of periodic volcanism, which probably created distinct ecological regions inhabited by different species of vertebrate animals.[8]