Question

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1 )What do you mean by time series ?what are its main components?
2)what is meant by trend ?how to measure it?
3)what do you mean by index numbers ?Explain its uses
4)how many types are the price index numbers ?what are they

Answer 1

Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:

$\mathfrak{ hi \:user\;here \:are\:your\:answers }$

$\mathfrak {question}-What \:do \:you \:mean \:by \:time \:series \:?\:what \:are \:its \:main \:components?$

$\mathfrak{1 }$ A time series is a collection of observations of well-defined data items obtained through repeated measurements over time. For example, measuring the value of retail sales each month of the year would comprise a time series. This is because sales revenue is well defined, and consistently measured at equally spaced intervals. Data collected irregularly or only once are not time series.

An observed time series can be decomposed into three components: the trend (long term direction), the seasonal (systematic, calendar related movements) and the irregular (unsystematic, short term fluctuations).

$\mathfrak {question}-what\: \:is \:meant \:by \:trend \:?\:how \:to \:measure \:it?$

$\mathfrak{2 }$  A trend line, often referred to as a line of best fit, is a line that is used to represent the behavior of a set of data to determine if there is a certain pattern. A trend line is an analytical tool used most often in conjunction with a scatter plot (a two-dimensional graph of ordered pairs) to see if there is a relationship between two variables.

We can measure trend with the help of any of the following methods:

      a>$\mathfrak{ Graphic \:model }$

      b> $\mathfrak{ Semi\:-average \:method }$

      c> $\mathfrak{ Moving \:average \:method}$

      d> $\mathfrak{ Curve-\: fitting \: by \: method \: of \: least \: squares }$

$\mathfrak {question}-what \:do \:you \:mean \:by \:index \:numbers \:?\:Explain \:its \:uses$

$\mathfrak{3 }$ An index number is a method of evaluating variations in a variable or group of variables in regards to the geographical location, time, and other features.

According to Croxton and Cowden, “Index Numbers are devices for measuring differences in the magnitude of a group of related variables.”

According to Spiegal, ”An Index Number is a statistical measure designed to show changes in variable or a group of related variable with respect to time, geographical locations or other characteristics”.

$\mathcal{- EXPRESSED\: IN \:PERCENTAGE }$

Change in terms of absolute values may not be comparable.

Index Numbers are expressed in percentage so, they remove this barrier. Although we do not use the percentage sign.

It is possible to compare agricultural production and industrial production and at the same time being expressed in percentage, we can also compare the change in prices of different commodities.

- $\mathcal{RELATIVE \:MEASURES \:OR \:MEASURES \:OF \:NET \:CHANGES }$

Index Numbers measure net or relative change in a variable or a group of variables.

For example, if the price of a certain commodity rises from Rs.10 in the year 2007 to Rs.15 in the year 2017, Price Index Number will be 150 showing that there is 50% increase in the prices over this period.

-$\mathcal{MEASURE\: CHANGE \: OVER \: A \: PERIOD \: OF \: TIME \: OR \: \: \: IN \: TWO \: OR \: MORE \: PLACES}$

Index Numbers measure the net change among related variables over a period of time or at two or more places.

For example, Change in Prices, Production, etc. over two periods or at two places.

- $\mathcal{SPECIALISED\: AVERAGE}$

Simple averages like, Mean, Median Mode, etc. can be used to compare the variables having similar units.

Index Numbers are specialized average, expressed in percentage, and which help in measuring & comparing the change in those variables which are expressed in different units.

For example, we can compare the change in the production of Industrial goods and Agricultural Goods.

-$\mathcal {MEASURING\: CHANGES \: WHICH \: ARE \: NOT \: DIRECTLY \: MEASURABLE}$  

Cost of Living, Business Activity etc. are complex things which are not directly measurable.

With the help of Index Numbers it is possible to study the relative changes in such phenomena.

$\mathfrak {question}-how\: many \: types \: are \: the \: price \: index \: numbers \: ?\: what \: are \: they$

$\mathfrak{ 4 }$ an index number measures the relative variation in price, quantity, value, or some other item of interest from one time period to another. Index numbers are used to measures all types of quantitative changes in the agricultural, industrial, and commercial fields, as also in such economic magnitudes as income, employment, exports, imports, and prices. They are price index, quantity index and value index. These index numbers can be developed either by aggregate method or by average of relative method.

$\mathcal{MY\:EXPECTATION\: FOR \:THIS \: ANSWER \:IS }10\:thanks\:and \:brainlist$

$\mathcal{BY \:ROSHAN\: A \:USER \: OF \: BRAINLY}$

Answer 2

Answer:

Tum mujhe kya explain karna chahte ho????????

apni iss I'd se bata do