Best difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells in tabular form
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The most fundamental difference is that eukaryotes do have "true" nuclei containing their DNA, whereas the genetic material in prokaryotes is not membrane-bound
Answer:
BASIS FOR COMPARISON PROKARYOTIC CELLS EUKARYOTIC CELLS
Size 0.5-3um 2-100um
Kind of Cell Single-cell Multicellular
Cell Wall Cell wall present, comprise of peptidoglycan or mucopeptide (polysaccharide). Usually cell wall absent, if present (plant cells and fungus), comprises of cellulose (polysaccharide).
Presence of Nucleus Well-defined nucleus is absent, rather 'nucleoid' is present which is an open region containing DNA. A well-defined nucleus is present enclosed within nuclear memebrane.
Shape of DNA Circular, double-stranded DNA. Linear, double-stranded DNA.
Mitochondria Absent Present
Ribosome 70S 80S
Golgi Apparatus Absent Present
Endoplasmic Reticulum Absent Present
Mode of Reproduction Asexual Most commonly sexual
Cell Divison Binary Fission,
(conjugation, transformation, transduction) Mitosis
Lysosomes and Peroxisomes Absent Present
Chloroplast (Absent) scattered in the cytoplasm. Present in plants, algae.
Transcription and Translation Occurs together. Transcription occurs in nucleus and translation in cytosol.
Organelles Organelles are not membrane bound, if present any. Organelles are membrane bound and are specific in function.
Replication Single origin of replication. Multiple origins of replication.
Number of Chromosomes Only one (not true called as a plasmid). More than one.
Examples Archaea, Bacteria. Plants and Animals