Question

between RNA and DNA​

Answer 1

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DNA is a double-stranded molecule, while RNA is a single-stranded molecule. ... DNA and RNA base pairing is slightly different since DNA uses the bases adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine; RNA uses adenine, uracil, cytosine, and guanine. Uracil differs from thymine in that it lacks a methyl group on its ring.

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Answer 2

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Comparison

DNA

RNA

Full Name

Deoxyribonucleic Acid  

Ribonucleic Acid

Function

DNA replicates and stores genetic information. It is a blueprint for all genetic information contained within an organism

RNA converts the genetic information contained within DNA to a format used to build proteins, and then moves it to ribosomal protein factories.  

Structure  

DNA consists of two strands, arranged in a double helix. These strands are made up of subunits called nucleotides. Each nucleotide contains a phosphate, a 5-carbon sugar molecule and a nitrogenous base.  

RNA only has one strand, but like DNA, is made up of nucleotides. RNA strands are shorter than DNA strands. RNA sometimes forms a secondary double helix structure, but only intermittently.  

Length  

DNA is a much longer polymer than RNA. A chromosome, for example, is a single, long DNA molecule, which would be several centimetres in length when unravelled.

RNA molecules are variable in length, but much shorter than long DNA polymers. A large RNA molecule might only be a few thousand base pairs long.  

Sugar  

The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, which contains one less hydroxyl group than RNA’s ribose.  

RNA contains ribose sugar molecules, without the hydroxyl modifications of deoxyribose.

Bases  

The bases in DNA are Adenine (‘A’), Thymine (‘T’), Guanine (‘G’) and Cytosine (‘C’).

RNA shares Adenine (‘A’), Guanine (‘G’) and Cytosine (‘C’) with DNA, but contains Uracil (‘U’) rather than Thymine.

Base Pairs

Adenine and Thymine pair (A-T)

Cytosine and Guanine pair (C-G)  

Adenine and Uracil pair (A-U)

Cytosine and Guanine pair (C-G)        

Location

DNA is found in the nucleus, with a small amount of DNA also present in mitochondria.

RNA forms in the nucleolus, and then moves to specialised regions of the cytoplasm depending on the type of RNA formed.  

Explanation:

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