Bilin metabolism in plants: structure, function and haem oxygenase regulation of bilin biosynthesis
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Bilins are open‐chain tetrapyrrole non‐metallic colour compounds formed as a metabolic product of protoporphyrin IX.
Biliverdin IX α is the common precursor of all naturally occurring bilins.
Haem oxygenase (HO) and ferredoxin‐dependent bilin reductases (FDBRs) are the two key enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of bilins.
Phycobiliproteins assemble with bilins to form phycobilisomes, which help in light harvesting and energy transfer.
Bilin plays a significant role in various physiological processes, namely, photosynthesis, respiration, light perception, signalling, cell defence against oxidative stress, nitrate and sulfate assimilation and programmed cell death.
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