Question

Bio sketch of Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam

Answer 1

15 October 1931 – 27 July 2015) was the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007. A career scientist turned politician, Kalam was born and raised in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, and studied physics and aerospace engineering. He spent the next four decades as a scientist and science administrator, mainly at the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and was intimately involved in India's civilian space program and military missile development efforts.[2] He thus came to be known as the Missile Man of India for his work on the development of ballistic missile and launch vehicle technology.[3][4][5] He also played a pivotal organizational, technical, and political role in India's Pokhran-II nuclear tests in 1998, the first since the original nuclear test by India in 1974.[6] Kalam was elected as the 11th President of India in 2002 with the support of both the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party and the then-opposition Indian National Congress. Widely referred to as the "People's President,"[7] he returned to his civilian life of education, writing and public service after a single term. He was a recipient of several prestigious awards, including the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour.

Answer 2

Bio Sketch of Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam.

Explanation:

A.P. J. Abdul Kalam was born in Rameswaram on October 15, 1931, into a Tamil Muslim family. His father, Jainulabdeen, was a sailor and his mother, Aseema, was a homemaker. He was the youngest among five siblings.

His family's financial condition was not good, so he had to work from a young age. Kalam used to distribute newspapers after school to help his father financially. During his school days, Kalam was normal in studies but always ready and willing to learn something new.

He completed his schooling at Schwartz Higher Secondary School of Ramanathapuram and then attended St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirapalli, from where he graduated in 1954 in physics. He then moved to Madras in the year 1955 from where he studied aerospace engineering.

After completing his engineering studies, Kalam joined the Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO) as a scientist. Kalam started his career by designing a small helicopter for the Indian Army. Kalam was also a member of the Indian National Committee for Space Research constituted by Jawaharlal Nehru. During this time he got an opportunity to work with the famous space scientist Vikram Sarabhai.

In 1969, he was transferred to the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). Here he was appointed as the director of India's satellite launch vehicle project. As a result of the success of this project, India's first satellite 'Rohini' was placed in the Earth's orbit in the year 1980.

In the seventies and eighties, Dr. Kalam became very famous in India with his works and successes and he was named among the greatest scientists of the country. His fame had grown so much that the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi allowed him to work on some secret projects without the approval of his cabinet.

The Government of India started the ambitious 'Integrated Guided Missile Development Program' under the supervision of Dr. Kalam. From July 1992 to December 1999, Dr. Kalam was the Scientific Advisor to the Prime Minister and Secretary of the Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO). India conducted its second nuclear test during this period. He played an important role in it. Since then he began to be called as the 'Missile Man of India.'

Dr. Kalam swore in as the 11th President of India on 25 July 2002. He was the third President of the country who had been awarded the Bharat Ratna even before he became President. During his tenure, he was called the 'President of the people'.

After his retirement from the post of President, Dr. Kalam was engaged in work like teaching, writing, guidance and research and was associated with visiting institutions like Indian Institute of Management, Shillong, Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad, Indian Institute of Management, Indore, etc.

Apart from this, he was also a Fellow of the Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, Chancellor of the Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Anna University, Chennai, Professor of Aerospace Engineering.  He also taught information technology at IIIT Hyderabad, Banaras Hindu University and Anna University.

Apart from teaching, Dr. Kalam has also written several books, which are prominent in 'India 2020: A Vision for the New Millennium', 'Wings of Fire:An Autobiography', 'Ignited Minds: Unleashing the Power Within India', 'Mission India'. , 'Indomitable Spirit' etc.

For his outstanding work and life lessons that he conveyed to thousands of youngsters, he'd been awarded with numerous awards like Padma Bhushan, Padma Vibhushan, Bharat Ratna, Ramanujan Award, and many more. His contribution to our nation is immeasurable.

On 27 July 2015, he suffered a heart attack while teaching at the Indian Institute of Management, Shillong, after which Dr. Abdul Kalam, beloved and favorite of crores of people, took his last breath and signed off to this world.

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