Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish of EBWR 10thclass
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The aquatic biota is being contaminated with heavy metals due to industrialization and anthropogenic activities. In present study, the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in tissues of fresh water fish, Cyprinus carpio communis was determined. EBWR is a hyper-eutrophic urban Edulabad Water Reservoir (EBWR) located in Andhra Pradesh, India, which is being polluted from industrial, domestic and sewage effluents. The metal concentrations in EBWR reservoir were found to be higher than Indian standard limits and exhibiting the following sequence, Fe > Pb > Cr > Ni > Cd. All these metal concentrations were slightly increased in 2006-07 when compared to 2005-06. Since, the heavy metals could find their way into the human food chain; we analyzed bioaccumulation of these metals in the fish tissues. Pb, Fe and Ni concentration in the order of liver > gill > kidney. Cr and Cd concentration in order of kidney > gill > liver and liver > kidney > gill. The bioaccumulation of these metals in fish tissues were of the following trend, Cd > Cr > Fe > Ni > Pb. Higher bioaccumulation factors were found for Cd in liver, gill and kidney indicated the sensitivity of fish to this metal even at low concentrations. Further, the bioaccumulations were lesser in monsoon than pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons throughout two consecutive years. These bioaccumulations can possibly attribute to relationship between abiotic factors and physiological characteristics. Further, glycogen and lipid contents were decreased predominantly in pre-monsoon season with sequence of gill > liver > kidney and liver > gill > kidney respectively. The present study indicates that the presence of heavy metals in EBWR might be affecting aquatic life through bioaccumulation.