Question

Biodiversity Text 1
Read the following newspaper article and answer the questions which follow.
BIODIVERSITY IS THE KEY TO MANAGING ENVIRONMENT
An ecosystem that retains a high biodiversity (that is, a wide variety of living things) is
much more likely to adapt to human-caused environment change than is one that has
little.
Consider the two food webs shown in the diagram. The arrows point from the
5 organism that gets eaten to the one that eats it. These food webs are highly
simplified compared with food webs in real ecosystems, but they still illustrate a key
difference between more diverse and less diverse ecosystems.
Food web B represents a situation with very low biodiversity, where at some
levels the food path involves only a single type of organism. Food web A represents
10 a more diverse ecosystem with, as a result, many more alternative feeding pathways.
Generally, loss of biodiversity should be regarded seriously, not only because
the organisms that have become extinct represent a big loss for both ethical and
utilitarian (useful benefit) reasons, but also because the organisms that remain have
become more vulnerable (exposed) to extinction in the future.

In lines 9 and 10 it is stated that “Food web A represents a more diverse ecosystem with, as a result, many more alternative feeding pathways.” Look at FOOD WEB A. Only two animals in this food web have three direct(immediate) food sources. Which two animals are they?


1) A Native Cat and Parasitic Wasp.
2) B Native Cat and Butcher Bird.
3)C Parasitic Wasp and Leaf Hopper.
4)D Parasitic Wasp and Spider
E Native Cat and Honeyeater.



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Answer 1

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Biodiversity boosts ecosystem productivity where each species, no matter how small, all have an important role to play. For example, A larger number of plant species means a greater variety of crops. Greater species diversity ensures natural sustainability for all life forms.

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Answer 2

Answer:

The growing consumption and production of poultry on commercial scale elicits a series of health and environmental concerns. Among them are concerns over bacterial disease as well as the disposal of infected birds. Other concerns are prevention of diseases and ensuring healthy growth of chicken.

Bacterial disease causes multi-billion-dollar economic losses for the livestock industry. It is estimated that Campylobacter and Salmonella infections that are rampant in poultry together account for 9 in 10 reported cases of bacteria-related food poisonings globally. There exists more than 2,000 species of bacteria belonging to Salmonella genus, with almost all of them being potential pathogens of poultry. In fact, a study conducted on eggs in several retail outlets in India found that large amounts of salmonella were present both on the shell and inside the eggs.

Estimates suggest that animal farming uses 70% of all antibiotics used, while only 30% are used directly in humans. In the absence of effective and safe alternative, antibiotics are used to treat and prevent diseases in chickens. The entry of antibiotics in our food chain has far reaching consequences on human and environmental health.

Need for alternatives

However, it is important to underline that banning the non-therapeutic use of antibiotics is not enough. We also need to devise solutions to help farmers grow healthy poultry and prevent bacterial infections through natural mechanisms.

Creating and popularising sustainable solutions is key to the overall health of poultry and human beings.