biography of j.r.r tolkien
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Answer:
Born
John Ronald Reuel Tolkien
3 January 1892
Bloemfontein, Orange Free State (modern-day South Africa)
Died
2 September 1973 (aged 81)
Bournemouth, England
Occupation
Author, academic, philologist, poet
Nationality
British
Alma mater
Exeter College, Oxford
Genre
Fantasy, high fantasy, mythopoeia, translation, literary criticism
Notable works
The Hobbit
The Lord of the Rings
The Silmarillion
Unfinished Tales
Spouse
Edith Bratt
(m. 1916; d. 1971)
Children
John Francis (1917–2003)
Michael Hilary (1920–1984)
Christopher John (1924–2020)
Priscilla Anne (b. 1929)
Signature
He served as the Rawlinson and Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon and Fellow of Pembroke College, Oxford, from 1925 to 1945 and Merton Professor of English Language and Literature and Fellow of Merton College, Oxford, from 1945 to 1959.[3] He was at one time a close friend of C. S. Lewis—they were both members of the informal literary discussion group known as The Inklings. Tolkien was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire by Queen Elizabeth II on 28 March 1972.
After Tolkien's death, his son Christopher published a series of works based on his father's extensive notes and unpublished manuscripts, including The Silmarillion. These, together with The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings, form a connected body of tales, poems, fictional histories, invented languages, and literary essays about a fantasy world called Arda and Middle-earth[b] within it. Between 1951 and 1955, Tolkien applied the term legendarium to the larger part of these writings.[4]
While many other authors had published works of fantasy before Tolkien,[5] the great success of The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings led directly to a popular resurgence of the genre. This has caused Tolkien to be popularly identified as the "father" of modern fantasy literature[6][7]—or, more precisely, of high fantasy.[8] In 2008, The Times ranked him sixth on a list of "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945".[9] Forbes ranked him the fifth top-earning "dead celebrity" in 2009.[10]