biography of mary curie
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Explanation:
Marie Skłodowska Curie French: Polish born Maria Salomea Skłodowska (Polish:7 November 1867 – 4 July 1934), was a Polish and naturalized-French physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the first person and the only woman to win the Nobel Prize twice, and the only person to win the Nobel Prize in two different scientific fields. She was part of the Curie family legacy of five Nobel Prizes. She was also the first woman to become a professor at the University of Paris,[4] and in 1995 became the first woman to be entombed on her own merits in the Panthéon in Paris.[5]
Marie Curie
Marie Curie c1920.jpg
c. 1920
Born
Maria Salomea Skłodowska
7 November 1867
Warsaw, Congress Poland, Russian Empire[1]
Died
4 July 1934 (aged 66)
Passy, Haute-Savoie, France
Cause of death
Aplastic anemia from exposure to radiation
Citizenship
Poland (by birth)
France (by marriage)
Alma mater
University of Paris
ESPCI[2]
Known for
Radioactivity
Polonium
Radium
Spouse(s)
Pierre Curie
(m. 1895; died 1906)
Children
Irène Joliot-Curie (1897–1956)
Ève Curie (1904–2007)
Awards
Nobel Prize in Physics (1903)
Davy Medal (1903)
Matteucci Medal (1904)
Elliott Cresson Medal (1909)
Albert Medal (1910)
Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1911)
Willard Gibbs Award (1921)
Cameron Prize for Therapeutics of the University of Edinburgh (1931)
Scientific career
Fields
Physics, chemistry
Institutions
University of Paris
Institut du Radium
École Normale Supérieure
French Academy of Medicine
International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation
Thesis
Recherches sur les substances radioactives (Research on Radioactive Substances)
Doctoral advisor
Gabriel Lippmann
Doctoral students
André-Louis DebierneÓscar MorenoMarguerite PereyÉmile Henriot
Signature
Marie Curie Skłodowska Signature Polish.svg
Notes
She is the only person to win a Nobel Prize in two different sciences.
She was born in Warsaw, in what was then the Kingdom of Poland, part of the Russian Empire. She studied at Warsaw's clandestine Flying University and began her practical scientific training in Warsaw. In 1891, aged 24, she followed her older sister Bronisława to study in Paris, where she earned her higher degrees and conducted her subsequent scientific work. She shared the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics with her husband Pierre Curie and physicist Henri Becquerel. She won the 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
Her achievements include the development of the theory of radioactivity (a term she coined),[6][7] techniques for isolating radioactive isotopes, and the discovery of two elements, polonium and radium. Under her direction, the world's first studies were conducted into the treatment of neoplasms using radioactive isotopes. She founded the Curie Institutes in Paris and in Warsaw, which remain major centres of medical research today. During World War I she developed mobile radiography units to provide X-ray services to field hospitals.
While a French citizen, Marie Skłodowska Curie, who used both surnames,[8][9] never lost her sense of Polish identity. She taught her daughters the Polish language and took them on visits to Poland.[10] She named the first chemical element she discovered polonium, after her native country.[a]
Marie Curie died in 1934, aged 66, at a sanatorium in Sancellemoz (Haute-Savoie), France, of aplastic anaemia from exposure to radiation in the course of her scientific research and in the course of her radiological work at field hospitals during World War I.[12]