biography of nelson mandela
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Nelson Mandela
Biography
DescriptionNelson Rolihlahla Mandela was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, political leader and philanthropist who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the country's first black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election
Answer:
Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (18 July 1918 – 5 December 2013)[1] was a South African politician and activist. On April 27, 1994, he was made the first President of South Africa elected in a fully represented democratic election. Mandela was also the first black President of his country, South Africa.
Mandela was born in Mvezo, South Africa to a Thembu royal family.[2]
His government focused on throwing out the legacy of apartheid by ending racism, poverty, inequality, and on improving racial understanding in South Africa. Politically a believer in socialism, he served as the President of the African National Congress (ANC) from 1991 to 1997 and adopted new Constitution of South African in 1996 that prohibits all discrimination, based on language, religion, handicap and sexual orientation, not only on racism. Internationally, Mandela was the Secretary General of the Non-Aligned Movement from 1998 to 1999.
Although in favor of freedom of the press, Mandela was important of much of the country's media because it was owned and run by many middle-class whites. Mandela became known for his use of Batik shirts, known as Madiba shirts, even on normal events.[26] Mandela had never planned on serving a second term in office. Mandela gave his farewell speech on 29 March 1999, after which he retired.[27] Mandela's term ended on 14 June 1999. Thabo Mbeki succeeded Mandela as President of South Africa.
Nobel Prize
Mandela visiting Brazil in July 1998
He won the Nobel Peace Prize for his leadership for his anti-apartheid activism in 1993.[2] After receiving the prize he said:
"We stand here today as nothing more than a representative of the millions of our people who dared to rise up against a social operation whose very essence is war, violence, racism, oppression, repression and the impoverishment of an entire people."[2]
Personal life
Mandela was married three times and has six children. He had seventeen grandchildren,[28] and a growing number of great-grandchildren.[29] Though physically non-emotional with his children, he could be stern and demanding.[30]
Death
Mandela died on 5 December 2013 at his home at Houghton Estate, Johannesburg from complications of a respiratory tract infection, aged 95.[3] He was surrounded by his family when he died.[3] His death was announced by President Jacob Zuma.[47]
Honors
in South Africa, Mandela is sometimes called by his Xhosa clan name of Madiba.[59][60] Nelson Mandela was honored with the following:
In 1990, Mandela received the Bharat Ratna Award in India.[61]
In 1992 received Pakistan's Nishan-e-Pakistan.[62]
In 1992, he was awarded the Atatürk Peace Award by Turkey. He refused the award, because of human rights violations committed by Turkey at the time.[63] He later accepted the award in 1999.[64]
In 1993, Mandela won the Nobel Peace Prize with F. W. de Klerk for their work during the civil rights revolution in South Africa.[2]
In 1993, Mandela received the key of the city of Chicago, Illinois from Mayor Richard M. Daley.[65]
In 2007, Mandela was honored with a statue in Westminster Abbey, London, England.[66]
In 2009, the United Nations made 18 July Mandela Day.[67]
In 2012, the Praia International Airport in Cape Verde was renamed as the Nelson Mandela International Airport.[68]
In 2013, a statue of Mandela was unveiled in the South African embassy outside of Washington, D.C..[69]
The city of Johannesburg awarded him Freedom of the City.[70]
Sandton Square in Johannesburg was renamed Nelson Mandela Square in March 2004.[71]
The Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium was named in his honor.[72]
The Nelson Mandela Bridge, in Johannesburg was also named in his honor.[73]
Mandela was awarded the US Presidential Medal of Freedom by then-President of the United States George W. Bush.[74]
Mandela was awarded the Order of Canada.[75]
Mandela was the first living person made an honorary Canadian citizen.[76]
Mandela was the last recipient of the Soviet Union's Lenin Peace Prize from the Soviet Union.[64]
Mandela first recipient of the Al-Gaddafi International Prize for Human Rights[77]
Mandela was honored with the Order of the Aztec Eagle by the Mexican government.[78]
A park in Leicester, England was named Nelson Mandela Park was named after Mandela.[79]
Elizabeth II awarded him the Bailiff Grand Cross of the Order of St John.[80]
Mandela was also awarded the Order of Merit by Elizabeth II.[80]
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