Biological clock and their significance leading to chronopharmacology
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Chronopharmacology:
It is the science dealing with the optimizations of drug effect and the minimizations of adverse effects by timing medications in relation to biological rhythm Goal is to improve our understanding of periodic and thus predictable changes in both desired effects and tolerance of medication. Chronopharmacologyis the investigative science concerned with the biological rhythm dependencies of medications.
Chronobiology:
It is the science dealing with the phenomenon of rhythmicity in living organisms is called Chronobiology. It is derived from chronos (time), bios (life), and logos (study of)--is the objective description of biological time structures and plays an important role in medicine. Circadian rhythms regulate the behavior, physiology and function of living organisms at many biochemical levels.
Aim of chronobiology is optimization of pharmacotherapeutics, taking into consideration-rhythm dependencies in kinetics and dynamics of medications, predictable in time variability in the manifestation and severity of diseases.
Circadian rhythm:
It is defined as oscillations in the biological, physiological and behavioral function of an organism with a periodicity of 24 hrs. The concepts of chronobiology and chronopharmacology have become more and more important in medical practice nowadays. Today, the circadian variation in blood pressure and heart rate as well as in the occurrence of acute cardiovascular disease is quite obvious (ischemia, infarction, stroke and sudden death). However, biological rhythms are also present in episodes of dyspnoea in nocturnal asthma, in hormonal pulses, in the organization of the immunological system and in the processes of cellular proliferation.
SuprachtAsmatic Nuclei (SCN) located in the anterior ventral hypothalamus has been identified as that centre. That generates circadian activity. Lesion of SCN produces loss of circadian rhythm- sleep-wake cycle activity- rest cycle, skin temperature and corticosteroidSecretion. Goals of Chronotherapy are to match the timing of treatment with the intrinsic timing-of illness.
The introduction of chronopharmacology into pharmacokinetic theory leads to a clock time-dependent infusion rate. The infusion modulation depends both on type of chronophenomenon, chronopharmacokinetics or chronestesy, and plasma clearance rate of the drug. In the presence of chronestesy of a biosystem the pharmacologic effect can be maintained constant only when plasma drug clearance is fast enough to allow an adequate modulation of the plasma drug concentration.
Circadian (congruent to 24 h), circannual (congruent to 1 year) and other biological rhythms of endogenous origin, detectable at all levels of organization, constitute a temporal structure in all animal species, including man. Circadian, circannual and other rhythmic changes in biological susceptibility and response of organisms to a large variety of physical as well as chemical agents including medications and foods are rather common phenomena.
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hope it helps
Chronopharmacology:
It is the science dealing with the optimizations of drug effect and the minimizations of adverse effects by timing medications in relation to biological rhythm Goal is to improve our understanding of periodic and thus predictable changes in both desired effects and tolerance of medication. Chronopharmacologyis the investigative science concerned with the biological rhythm dependencies of medications.
Chronobiology:
It is the science dealing with the phenomenon of rhythmicity in living organisms is called Chronobiology. It is derived from chronos (time), bios (life), and logos (study of)--is the objective description of biological time structures and plays an important role in medicine. Circadian rhythms regulate the behavior, physiology and function of living organisms at many biochemical levels.
Aim of chronobiology is optimization of pharmacotherapeutics, taking into consideration-rhythm dependencies in kinetics and dynamics of medications, predictable in time variability in the manifestation and severity of diseases.
Circadian rhythm:
It is defined as oscillations in the biological, physiological and behavioral function of an organism with a periodicity of 24 hrs. The concepts of chronobiology and chronopharmacology have become more and more important in medical practice nowadays. Today, the circadian variation in blood pressure and heart rate as well as in the occurrence of acute cardiovascular disease is quite obvious (ischemia, infarction, stroke and sudden death). However, biological rhythms are also present in episodes of dyspnoea in nocturnal asthma, in hormonal pulses, in the organization of the immunological system and in the processes of cellular proliferation.
SuprachtAsmatic Nuclei (SCN) located in the anterior ventral hypothalamus has been identified as that centre. That generates circadian activity. Lesion of SCN produces loss of circadian rhythm- sleep-wake cycle activity- rest cycle, skin temperature and corticosteroidSecretion. Goals of Chronotherapy are to match the timing of treatment with the intrinsic timing-of illness.
The introduction of chronopharmacology into pharmacokinetic theory leads to a clock time-dependent infusion rate. The infusion modulation depends both on type of chronophenomenon, chronopharmacokinetics or chronestesy, and plasma clearance rate of the drug. In the presence of chronestesy of a biosystem the pharmacologic effect can be maintained constant only when plasma drug clearance is fast enough to allow an adequate modulation of the plasma drug concentration.
Circadian (congruent to 24 h), circannual (congruent to 1 year) and other biological rhythms of endogenous origin, detectable at all levels of organization, constitute a temporal structure in all animal species, including man. Circadian, circannual and other rhythmic changes in biological susceptibility and response of organisms to a large variety of physical as well as chemical agents including medications and foods are rather common phenomena.
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