biosketch of charles Darwin
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Charles Darwin
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For other people named Charles Darwin, see Charles Darwin (disambiguation).
Charles Darwin
FRS FRGS FLS FZS
Three quarter length studio photo showing Darwin's characteristic large forehead and bushy eyebrows with deep set eyes, pug nose and mouth set in a determined look. He is bald on top, with dark hair and long side whiskers but no beard or moustache. His jacket is dark, with very wide lapels, and his trousers are a light check pattern. His shirt has an upright wing collar, and his cravat is tucked into his waistcoat which is a light fine checked pattern.
Darwin, c. 1854, when he was preparing On the Origin of Species for publication[1]
Born Charles Robert Darwin
12 February 1809
The Mount, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England
Died 19 April 1882 (aged 73)
Down House, Downe, Kent, England
Resting place Westminster Abbey
Known for
The Voyage of the Beagle
On the Origin of Species
The Descent of Man
Spouse(s) Emma Wedgwood (m. 1839)
Children 10
Awards
FRS (1839)[2]
Royal Medal (1853)
Wollaston Medal (1859)
Copley Medal (1864)
Doctor of Laws (Honorary), Cambridge (1877)[3]
Scientific career
Fields Natural history, geology
Institutions
Tertiary education:
University of Edinburgh Medical School (medicine, no degree)
Christ's College, Cambridge Bachelor of Arts (1831)
Master of Arts (1836)[4]
Professional institution:
Geological Society of London
Academic advisors
John Stevens Henslow
Adam Sedgwick
Influences
Charles Lyell
Alexander von Humboldt
John Herschel
Thomas Malthus
Gilbert White
Influenced Hooker, Huxley, Romanes, Haeckel, Lubbock
Signature
"Charles Darwin", with the surname underlined by a downward curve that mimics the curve of the initial "C"
Charles Robert Darwin FRS FRGS FLS FZS[2] (/ˈdɑːrwɪn/;[5] 12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist,[6] best known for his contributions to the science of evolution.[I] His proposition that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors is now widely accepted, and considered a foundational concept in science.[7] In a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace, he introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding.[8] Darwin has been described as one of the most influential figures in human history,[9] and he was honoured by burial in Westminster Abbey.[10]
Darwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book On the Origin of Species.[11][12] By the 1870s, the scientific community and a majority of the educated public had accepted evolution as a fact. However, many favoured competing explanations which gave only a minor role to natural selection, and it was not until the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus developed in which natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution.[13][14] Darwin's scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the diversity of life.[15][16]
Darwin's early interest in nature led him to neglect his medical education at the University of Edinburgh; instead, he helped to investigate marine invertebrates. Studies at the University of Cambridge (Christ's College) encouraged his passion for natural science.[17] His five-year voyage on HMS Beagle established him as an eminent geologist whose observations and theories supported Charles Lyell's conception of gradual geological change, and publication of his journal of the voyage made him famous as a popular author.[18]
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