Bird habitats from city forests and parks are disappearing. Write an article
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While outwardly things appear idyllic, the lack of bird sound appears wanting. Land animals are not the only ones being affected by the loss of habitat and climate change. The issues are taking their toll on birds too. Experts estimate that since the 1500's, over 190 bird species have become extinct
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Answer:
India’s disappearing bird species
The list of threatened birds, a testimony to human culpability, exploitation and neglect, is increasing every year. Just to take India’s case there were seven critically endangered species in 2000. Their numbers went up to nine in 2001; they increased to 12 in 2008; 14 in 2010 and 15 in 2011, when the Great Indian Bustard Ardeotis nigriceps was added to the list. According to IUCN, critically endangered species are those facing extremely high risk of extinction in the wild in the immediate future, and if nothing is done, the species might become extinct in 10 years, or in less than three generations Marginally less threatened, according to the IUCN criterion, are endangered species. There are 16 endangered bird species in India, including Lesser Florican Sypheotides indicus, Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus, Narcondam Hornbill Rhyticeros narcondami and Masked Finfoot Heliopais personata. Then there are vulnerable species: these face high risk of extinction in the wild in the medium term. Fifty-eight Indian birds fall in this category. The species that are at a lower risk are termed near threatened. These are species I consider “sick”. They are not likely to die soon, but need our care and support to survive. There are 68 such species in India based on existing information but a comprehensive assessment of Indian birds is quite likely to make the list longer.
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150 bird species need help. According to the BirdLife and IUCN list of 2011, more than 150 bird species with homes in India fall in globally threatened categories. Some of these like the Dalmatian Pelican Pelecanus crispus, Marbled Teal Marmaronetta angustirostris, Japanese Quail Coturnix japonica, Grey-sided Thrush Turdus feae are migratory species; they make India their home in winters. A few like the Socotra Cormorant Phalacrocorax nigrogularis, Lesser White-fronted Goose Anser erythropus and the Buff-breasted Sandpiper Tryngites subruficollis are occasional visitors. There are also some birds like Little Bustard Tetrax tetrax, Hooded Crane Grus monacha and Red-breasted Goose Branta ruficollis which used to visit India but have not been seen in the country in the past 100 years. Since these birds make India their home for a part of the year, they figure in the threatened birds list of the country. We, however, cannot do much for their conservation as threats to them lie outside the country’s borders. But even if we exclude these visitors, there are more than 130 Indian bird species that need immediate attention. The country certainly has a major responsibility towards birds unique to it and threatened like the Narcondam Hornbill, Grey-headed Bulbul Pycnonotus priocephalus, Nilgiri Blue Robin Myiomela major, White-bellied Blue Robin Myiomela albiventris and Nicobar Bulbul Hypsipetes virescens. Then there are birds like the Great Indian Bustard Ardeotis nigriceps, Lesser Florican Sypheotides indicus, Rufous-rumped Grassbird Graminicola bengalensis and the Spot-billed Pelican Pelecanus philippensis whose global population will be in jeopardy if they disappear from India. The question is: are we doing anything to see that such birds survive in the increasingly human-dominated and materialistic country?
Apart from listing many bird species in Schedule I of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, and all other bird species in Schedule IV (a list of protected species), and banning bird trade in 1992, not much has been done in India to protect the avian wealth. Many threatened species like the Austen’s Brown Hornbill Anorrhinus austeni in Namdapha in Arunachal Pradesh and Black-breasted Parrotbill Paradoxornis flavirostris in Kaziranga get incidental protection as they live in protected areas, while some like the Grey Pelican Pelecanus philippensis and Painted Storks Mycteria leucocephala in Kokkre-Bellur in Karnataka and Telineesapuram in Andhra Pradesh are protected by communities. But overall there is no government scheme to protect Indian birds. Harmful pesticides, many of them prohibited in other countries, are still being used and, in fact, being strangely promoted by the government of India, though it is proved they are harmful to insectivorous birds.
To protect Indian birdlife and all other taxa, we have to move away from a tiger-centric conservation paradigm. The government should treat all threatened species equally and make sure that species-targeted and habitat-targeted conservation actions are in place. The government is organising the next Conference of the Parties of the Convention of Biological Diversity in October 2012.
Can we prove we are taking sufficient measures to see that no Indian bird species goes extinct in the near future.
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