Black hole first detected in which year
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Hey There!!!
Short Answer: 2015
Long Answer:
Black Holes are objects with incredibly high mass collapsed into a single point. The gravitational field of a Black Hole is so strong that even light cannot escape.
Black Holes are naturally formed when massive dying stars collapse into a single point.
Now, In 1784, John Michell was indeed the first person to hypothesize that there could exist some weird thing with an extremely strong gravitational field that even light cannot escape from.
He was also limited by the technology of his time. No one at the time could detect a Black Hole.
In 1915, Albert Einstein gave his General Theory of Relativity.
The General Theory Of Relativity predicted the same thing as John Michell.
There are a set of equations in General Relativity, known as the Field Equations which contain different parameters. On putting different values, you can analyze how different mass objects would have different kinds of gravitational fields.
In 1915 itself, the German Physicist Karl Schwarzschild gave a set of solutions to the field equations, which described non-rotating Black Holes. This means that, Karl Schwarzschild gave the mathematical description of how a stationary black hole would behave.
In 1931, Indian Physicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar gave the incredible Chandrasekhar Limit. He described how a star would require to have a minimum amount of mass if it had to convert into a Black Hole.
The minimum amount of mass that a dying star must possess to be able to become a Black Hole is known as the Chandrasekhar Limit.
In 1963, New Zealand Mathematician Roy Kerr published another set of solutions to the Einstein's Field Equations. He gave the mathematical description of Rotating Black Holes !!! This gave us more idea of how black holes behave, and gave us hints on how we could detect one.
Beware! We still hadn't confirmed the existence of any Black Hole!! We were only giving Theories!!
The first strong evidence that a Black Hole could exist, came by the detection of an X-Ray Binary named Cygnus X-1 in 1964.
Cygnus X-1 consisted of a Blue-Supergiant Star and some invisible compact object orbiting a common center of mass. Over 1970s, as more observations were done, we became more and more inclined towards thinking that the other compact object could be a black hole.
This way, Cygnus X-1 became the first possible candidate for a Black Hole. But we haven't confirmed it.
The actual confirmative evidence that Black Holes exist came much later.
Einstein had predicted something known as Gravitational Waves (GWs)
GWs are produced whenever any disturbance occurs in any gravitational field. Like, when I am waving my hand, I am producing GWs. When I am moving, I am producing GWs. But these waves are too small to be detected.
However, large disturbances produce larger and more intense GWs. So, in order to detect GWs, we would need something cataclysmic. Something as destructive as a Neutron Star Merger, or a Black Hole Merger!
The logic was this: There could exist Binary Black Hole Systems. That is, two Black Holes orbiting each other. As they orbit, they are constantly losing energy in the form of Gravitational Waves.
As they come closer, they orbit faster and faster. [This is due to the Law of Conservation Of Angular Momentum] . So they lose energy at a greater rate. Just before collision, they are orbiting each other at extremely high speeds.
The rate of losing energy through GWs goes on increasing this way, and finally: The Cataclysmic Collision Happens. And the two Black Holes merge to form a bigger black hole!!
The mathematical models predict the exact pattern that such Gravitational Waves would have.
So, if we experimentally detected some GWs with the exact same pattern as predicted by the mathematical models, we would be having the confirmed experimental evidence that Black Holes would exist.
This is exactly what happened!!
There's the LIGO [Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory]
On 14th September, 2015, at 09:50:45 UTC, something amazing happened!
We detected Gravitational Waves coming from a Binary Black Hole Merger whose GWs matched the predicted patterns so nicely that we were sure that we have finally confirmed the existence of something as beautiful and as weird as a Black Hole.
The Binary System is named GW150914, and is 1.3 billion light years away!
The GW Pattern of the Merger resembles the sound waves coming from the chirp of a Bird. So these Patterns are popularly known as "Chirps" as well. [Image Attached]
The takeaway was that we finally detected Black Holes in 2015, which Einstein's Theory predicted 100 years back in 1915!!!
This way, we finally detected Black Holes in 2015!! This detection won the creators of LIGO: Kip Thorne, Rainer Weiss, and Barry Barish, the Nobel Prize for Physics in 2017 !! [Image Attached]
We have come far since. As of writing this answer, We have experimentally confirmed the existence of 6 such Binary Black Hole Systems :))
Hope it helps
Purva
Brainly Community
Short Answer: 2015
Long Answer:
Black Holes are objects with incredibly high mass collapsed into a single point. The gravitational field of a Black Hole is so strong that even light cannot escape.
Black Holes are naturally formed when massive dying stars collapse into a single point.
Now, In 1784, John Michell was indeed the first person to hypothesize that there could exist some weird thing with an extremely strong gravitational field that even light cannot escape from.
He was also limited by the technology of his time. No one at the time could detect a Black Hole.
In 1915, Albert Einstein gave his General Theory of Relativity.
The General Theory Of Relativity predicted the same thing as John Michell.
There are a set of equations in General Relativity, known as the Field Equations which contain different parameters. On putting different values, you can analyze how different mass objects would have different kinds of gravitational fields.
In 1915 itself, the German Physicist Karl Schwarzschild gave a set of solutions to the field equations, which described non-rotating Black Holes. This means that, Karl Schwarzschild gave the mathematical description of how a stationary black hole would behave.
In 1931, Indian Physicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar gave the incredible Chandrasekhar Limit. He described how a star would require to have a minimum amount of mass if it had to convert into a Black Hole.
The minimum amount of mass that a dying star must possess to be able to become a Black Hole is known as the Chandrasekhar Limit.
In 1963, New Zealand Mathematician Roy Kerr published another set of solutions to the Einstein's Field Equations. He gave the mathematical description of Rotating Black Holes !!! This gave us more idea of how black holes behave, and gave us hints on how we could detect one.
Beware! We still hadn't confirmed the existence of any Black Hole!! We were only giving Theories!!
The first strong evidence that a Black Hole could exist, came by the detection of an X-Ray Binary named Cygnus X-1 in 1964.
Cygnus X-1 consisted of a Blue-Supergiant Star and some invisible compact object orbiting a common center of mass. Over 1970s, as more observations were done, we became more and more inclined towards thinking that the other compact object could be a black hole.
This way, Cygnus X-1 became the first possible candidate for a Black Hole. But we haven't confirmed it.
The actual confirmative evidence that Black Holes exist came much later.
Einstein had predicted something known as Gravitational Waves (GWs)
GWs are produced whenever any disturbance occurs in any gravitational field. Like, when I am waving my hand, I am producing GWs. When I am moving, I am producing GWs. But these waves are too small to be detected.
However, large disturbances produce larger and more intense GWs. So, in order to detect GWs, we would need something cataclysmic. Something as destructive as a Neutron Star Merger, or a Black Hole Merger!
The logic was this: There could exist Binary Black Hole Systems. That is, two Black Holes orbiting each other. As they orbit, they are constantly losing energy in the form of Gravitational Waves.
As they come closer, they orbit faster and faster. [This is due to the Law of Conservation Of Angular Momentum] . So they lose energy at a greater rate. Just before collision, they are orbiting each other at extremely high speeds.
The rate of losing energy through GWs goes on increasing this way, and finally: The Cataclysmic Collision Happens. And the two Black Holes merge to form a bigger black hole!!
The mathematical models predict the exact pattern that such Gravitational Waves would have.
So, if we experimentally detected some GWs with the exact same pattern as predicted by the mathematical models, we would be having the confirmed experimental evidence that Black Holes would exist.
This is exactly what happened!!
There's the LIGO [Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory]
On 14th September, 2015, at 09:50:45 UTC, something amazing happened!
We detected Gravitational Waves coming from a Binary Black Hole Merger whose GWs matched the predicted patterns so nicely that we were sure that we have finally confirmed the existence of something as beautiful and as weird as a Black Hole.
The Binary System is named GW150914, and is 1.3 billion light years away!
The GW Pattern of the Merger resembles the sound waves coming from the chirp of a Bird. So these Patterns are popularly known as "Chirps" as well. [Image Attached]
The takeaway was that we finally detected Black Holes in 2015, which Einstein's Theory predicted 100 years back in 1915!!!
This way, we finally detected Black Holes in 2015!! This detection won the creators of LIGO: Kip Thorne, Rainer Weiss, and Barry Barish, the Nobel Prize for Physics in 2017 !! [Image Attached]
We have come far since. As of writing this answer, We have experimentally confirmed the existence of 6 such Binary Black Hole Systems :))
Hope it helps
Purva
Brainly Community
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