BLOOD DISORDERS INCLUDED IN THE RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH
DISABILITIES (RPWD) ACT, 2016
What are the blood disorders covered in The RPWD Act, 2016?
The three blood disorders included in The RPWD Act are Thalassemia, Haemophilia and
Sickle Cell Disease.
Thalassemia
In Thalassemia, body cannot make enough haemoglobin or makes defective red blood cells
(RBC) due to imbalance in alpha and beta genes in haemoglobin. RBCs break much early by
10-20 days than normal lifespan of 120 days. This leads to severe anaemia. Severe anaemia
leads to lethargy, loss of appetite, disfigurement of facial bones, enlarged liver and spleen
which lead to protruded abdomen and increased destruction of red blood cells.
Haemophilia
In Haemophilia, there is a deficiency of one of the factors necessary for coagulation of blood.
This leads to excessive bleeding. People with haemophilia bleed easily, and the blood
takes a longer time to clot. There are different types of Haemophilia – Types A and B, based
on the deficiency of the type of the clotting factor.
Sickle Cell Anaemia/Disease (SCD)
Normal RBC’s (red blood cells) are smooth surfaced, enabling them to change their shape to
flow through small blood vessels. Under certain conditions RBC’s containing haemoglobin
become rigid, elongated, and sickle shaped. These sickle-shaped cells are not flexible; they
stick to vessel walls, causing a blockage of blood flow resulting into reduced supply of
oxygen in nearby tissues causing sudden, severe pain attacks, called pain crisis. Signs and
symptoms of SCD include severe pain, hand-foot syndrome, abdominal pain, infections, leg
ulcers, anaemia, gallstones, organ damage, hip bone necrosis and stroke.
Answer the following questions:
Q1. The RPWD 2016 act has included some blood disorders. This include
________________________________________________________. (CREDIT: 2)
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