Both glucose and fructose are hexoses but glucose is aldose and fructose is ketoses sugars. What is the difference between aldoses and ketoses sugar? Structurally what makes glucose different from galactose?
Answers
Answer:
Structure and Function of Carbohydrates
Most people are familiar with carbohydrates, one type of macromolecule, especially when it comes to what we eat. To lose weight, some individuals adhere to “low-carb” diets. Athletes, in contrast, often “carb-load” before important competitions to ensure that they have enough energy to compete at a high level. Carbohydrates are, in fact, an essential part of our diet; grains, fruits, and vegetables are all natural sources of carbohydrates. Carbohydrates provide energy to the body, particularly through glucose, a simple sugar that is a component of starch and an ingredient in many staple foods. Carbohydrates also have other important functions in humans, animals, and plants.
Molecular Structures
Carbohydrates can be represented by the stoichiometric formula (CH2O)n, where n is the number of carbons in the molecule. In other words, the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1 in carbohydrate molecules.
Monosaccharides
Monosaccharides (mono– = “one”; sacchar– = “sweet”) are simple sugars, the most common of which is glucose. In monosaccharides, the number of carbons usually ranges from three to seven.
Disaccharides
Disaccharides (di– = “two”) form when two monosaccharides undergo a dehydration reaction (also known as a condensation reaction or dehydration synthesis).
Polysaccharides
A long chain of monosaccharides linked by glycosidic bonds is known as a polysaccharide (poly– = “many”). The chain may be branched or unbranched, and it may contain different types of monosaccharides. The molecular weight may be 100,000 daltons or more depending on the number of monomers joined.
Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in humans and other vertebrates and is made up of monomers of glucose.
Cellulose is the most abundant natural biopolymer.
Section Summary
Carbohydrates are a group of macromolecules that are a vital energy source for the cell and provide structural support to plant cells, fungi, and all of the arthropods that include lobsters, crabs, shrimp, insects, and spiders. Carbohydrates are classified as monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides depending on the number of monomers in the molecule.
Simple Sugars
1. Hexose is a monosaccharide with 6 carbon atoms.
2. Sucrose, Glucose and Fructose have Chemical Formula C₆H₁₂O₆.
3. Glucose contains an 'Aldehyde' group.
4. Fructose contains a 'Ketone' group.
5. Fructose is a structural isomer of Glucose.
Galactose is a stereo isomer of Glucose.
They have same number of atoms but are bonded in a different order.
6. Glucose is used for energy or stored as Glycogen.
Fructose is converted to Glucose and stored as Fat.
Sucrose needs to be broken up before being absorbed into bloodstream.
Carbohydrates get absorbed into blood and transported more rapidly in the form of Galactose.