bottle neck effect short note(little big lengthy)
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The bottleneck effect, also known as a population bottleneck, is when a species goes through an event that suddenly and significantly reduces its population. Think about how only so much stuff can come out of the neck of a narrow bottle at a time.
The bottleneck effect is an extreme example of genetic drift that happens when the size of a population is severely reduced. Events like natural disasters (earthquakes, floods, fires) can decimate a population, killing most indviduals and leaving behind a small, random assortment of survivors.
Population bottlenecks occur when a population's size is reduced for at least one generation. ... A founder effect occurs when a new colony is started by a few members of the original population. This small population size means that the colony may have: reduced genetic variation from the original population.
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