brain drainnig, that is outflow of doctors and engineers from India,will lead to ppc
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The brain drain has been a prominent concern in many developing countries since the 1960s.
The migration of doctors in particular has received considerable attention1
. To date, however,
discussion among economists has generally been more reliant on theory and anecdote than on
formal data analysis. Empirical research concerning medical migration, or even on the brain
drain from sending country’s point of view in general, has been scarce2
.
It is often assumed in public discussion that brain drain is an unambiguously negative
phenomenon. Theory, however, has suggested that it can be beneficial, e.g. if migrants
establish commercial networks abroad, remit significant amounts of income or technology, or
return with greater skills, or if the possibility of migration increases the incentives to obtain
education (Mountford, 1997). Despite the prominence of the last in theoretical discussion,
under the heading of “beneficial brain drain” there have been few tests of its relevance or
size. Beine, Docquier and Rapoport (2002) study the beneficial brain drain at the economy
wide level, but we know of no studies regarding the possibility of beneficial brain drain on
specific sectors. Since the choice of education is unlikely to concern only the length and level
of general education but also its nature and the future professions it supports, such a sectoral
view can yield important insights. This paper aims to fill some of this gap, or at least to serve
as a stepping stone for future research through and empirical study of medical migration into
the UK.
The UK’s National Health Service (NHS) has always employed overseas doctors,
especially those from Indian subcontinent. In the mid-1980s, however, it was still believed
that the United Kingdom would face an excess supply of doctors by the end of the
millennium, and that the intake of British medical schools should be cut down. In the late
1980s and 1990s, however, NHS reforms, demographic change and various other factors
caused the demand for doctors to increase substantially, and an increasing number of
overseas doctors was needed to fill the gaps (Rivett 1997). Most of these doctors come to the
UK to fill basic specialist training posts, many with the intention of pursuing higher specialist
training later. Basic specialist training posts provide training, but are held by fully qualified
doctors and are key to the delivery of health care in the NHS. Indeed, the system is now
heavily dependent on overseas recruits. Until now it has not been clear how large a fraction
Explanation:
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