BRAINLIST QUESTION BRAINLIST QUESTION
Write the percentage of health in the following decades :
1947-1957=
1957-1967=
1967-1977=
1977-1987=
1987-1997=
1997-2017=
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Health: Life expectancy in India rose to 65 years in 2012 from 32 years at the time of independence in 1947, but its infant mortality rate —50 deaths every 1,000 births— remains among the highest in the world. Almost half of the country’s children under five are classed as chronically malnourished, and more than a third of Indians aged 15 to 49 are undernourished, according to India’s National Family Health Survey in 2006, the latest data available. A 2011 Wall Street Journal investigation into India’s government-run healthcare system described public hospitals as “out of date, short-staffed and filthy.”
“Lack of government spending is largely to blame for our ailing healthcare system,” said Pramod Paliwal, the secretary of the Jaipur-based Indian Institute of Rural Development, a non-profit focusing on rural healthcare. India invests only 1% of its gross domestic product in health care, according to the Paris-based Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. India’s healthcare expenditure, the OECD found, was one of the lowest in the world. Greater willingness to invest in healthcare, Mr. Paliwal says, is essential to revamp facilities in public hospitals and to deploy medical staff in remote villages where there are inadequate or no healthcare facilities.
The government should also incentivize private players to set up health care foundations and medical outreach programs in Indian villages, Mr. Paliwal said.
RAJESH KUMAR SINGH/ASSOCIATED PRESSAlmost half of the country’s children under five are classed as chronically malnourished.
Poverty:India accounts for a third of the world’s poor, the World Bank said earlier this year. While the Indian government has spearheaded a number of programs – from food subsidies to rural employment schemes – to alleviate poverty, a chunk of the country’s 1.2 billion people are still chronically malnourished, many are unemployed. At least 32% of India’s population live below the international poverty line — spending less than US$1.2 a day — while about 68% of the population live on less than US$2 a day, a World Bank report said in 2010.
“We have the best of programs on paper, but fail miserably on delivery and implementation,” D.K. Joshi, chief economist at Mumbai-based ratings and research firm CRISIL, said. Under India’s existing food subsidy program — targeted at providing food grains to poor households — for instance, as much as half of the grains procured by the government for the poor are siphoned off by middlemen before reaching their intended beneficiaries, a report by India’s Planning Commission said in 2005. India is widely expected to rely on the same state-run distribution network for its new US$4 billion food security program, which aims to guarantee subsidized food grain to nearly 70% of the population.
Mr. Joshi says little will change unless India revamps its bureaucratic channels. “Transparency and accountability, that’s what missing from our public policies,” he added.
Employment: More than half of the country’s workers are employed in agriculture. Despite India’s heavy dependency on farming, agriculture accounted for less than15% of India’s gross domestic product last year. In comparison, the service sector, which employs about a third of the country’s workers, accounted for over 55% of India’s GDP last year.
“Agriculture is overburdened by too many people,” said Mr. Joshi, the CRISIL economist. In fact, an overwhelming majority of farmers, he added, are unemployed for most of the year owing to the seasonal nature of their work.
The way forward, Mr. Joshi said, is to train the rural labor force for jobs in the manufacturing and services sector. The government could do so by investing heavily on vocational training programs for unskilled workers, Mr. Joshi suggested.
ASSOCIATED PRESS India has a skewed sex ratio of 927 females for every 1,000 males.
Gender Equality: The United Nations Development Program’s Human Development Report ranked India 132 out of 187 countries on its gender inequality index in 2013. All countries in South Asia, with the exception of Afghanistan, the report said, were a better place for women than India. India’s skewed sex ratio — 927 females for every 1,000 males – and low participation rates of women in the labor force were largely to blame, the report said.
“Patriarchy is deep-rooted in India’s culture,” said Ranjana Kumari, who heads the Centre For Social Research, a New Delhi-based non-profit with a focus on women’s rights. A government healthcare report, released in February 2007, showed that 90% of parents with two sons didn’t want any more children. Of those with two daughters, 38% wanted to try for another baby.
Ms. Kumari says the government should consider partnering with local non-profits to conduct year-round gender sensitization workshops at the village level. Self-sufficiency programs for rural women, she says, could similarly be initiated to empower and enable village women to earn their livelihoods.
“Lack of government spending is largely to blame for our ailing healthcare system,” said Pramod Paliwal, the secretary of the Jaipur-based Indian Institute of Rural Development, a non-profit focusing on rural healthcare. India invests only 1% of its gross domestic product in health care, according to the Paris-based Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. India’s healthcare expenditure, the OECD found, was one of the lowest in the world. Greater willingness to invest in healthcare, Mr. Paliwal says, is essential to revamp facilities in public hospitals and to deploy medical staff in remote villages where there are inadequate or no healthcare facilities.
The government should also incentivize private players to set up health care foundations and medical outreach programs in Indian villages, Mr. Paliwal said.
RAJESH KUMAR SINGH/ASSOCIATED PRESSAlmost half of the country’s children under five are classed as chronically malnourished.
Poverty:India accounts for a third of the world’s poor, the World Bank said earlier this year. While the Indian government has spearheaded a number of programs – from food subsidies to rural employment schemes – to alleviate poverty, a chunk of the country’s 1.2 billion people are still chronically malnourished, many are unemployed. At least 32% of India’s population live below the international poverty line — spending less than US$1.2 a day — while about 68% of the population live on less than US$2 a day, a World Bank report said in 2010.
“We have the best of programs on paper, but fail miserably on delivery and implementation,” D.K. Joshi, chief economist at Mumbai-based ratings and research firm CRISIL, said. Under India’s existing food subsidy program — targeted at providing food grains to poor households — for instance, as much as half of the grains procured by the government for the poor are siphoned off by middlemen before reaching their intended beneficiaries, a report by India’s Planning Commission said in 2005. India is widely expected to rely on the same state-run distribution network for its new US$4 billion food security program, which aims to guarantee subsidized food grain to nearly 70% of the population.
Mr. Joshi says little will change unless India revamps its bureaucratic channels. “Transparency and accountability, that’s what missing from our public policies,” he added.
Employment: More than half of the country’s workers are employed in agriculture. Despite India’s heavy dependency on farming, agriculture accounted for less than15% of India’s gross domestic product last year. In comparison, the service sector, which employs about a third of the country’s workers, accounted for over 55% of India’s GDP last year.
“Agriculture is overburdened by too many people,” said Mr. Joshi, the CRISIL economist. In fact, an overwhelming majority of farmers, he added, are unemployed for most of the year owing to the seasonal nature of their work.
The way forward, Mr. Joshi said, is to train the rural labor force for jobs in the manufacturing and services sector. The government could do so by investing heavily on vocational training programs for unskilled workers, Mr. Joshi suggested.
ASSOCIATED PRESS India has a skewed sex ratio of 927 females for every 1,000 males.
Gender Equality: The United Nations Development Program’s Human Development Report ranked India 132 out of 187 countries on its gender inequality index in 2013. All countries in South Asia, with the exception of Afghanistan, the report said, were a better place for women than India. India’s skewed sex ratio — 927 females for every 1,000 males – and low participation rates of women in the labor force were largely to blame, the report said.
“Patriarchy is deep-rooted in India’s culture,” said Ranjana Kumari, who heads the Centre For Social Research, a New Delhi-based non-profit with a focus on women’s rights. A government healthcare report, released in February 2007, showed that 90% of parents with two sons didn’t want any more children. Of those with two daughters, 38% wanted to try for another baby.
Ms. Kumari says the government should consider partnering with local non-profits to conduct year-round gender sensitization workshops at the village level. Self-sufficiency programs for rural women, she says, could similarly be initiated to empower and enable village women to earn their livelihoods.
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