Question

Brief account of embryo and endosperm culture with their application

Answer 1

Answer:

Culture Medium and Duration

Preimplantation embryo culture in animal models (rodents; domestic mammals) have indicated increased risk of epigenetic disorders with both fetal and placental tissues affected, leading to increased disease state preserved into adulthood [61–65]. For example, our own studies in mice reveal sustained hypertension throughout adulthood coupled with cardiovascular and metabolic dysfunction induced by embryo culture [66]. Mouse models have further demonstrated that suboptimal embryo culture may induce reduced fertility and glucose intolerance in male offspring [67]. The duration of human embryo culture in ART is also important in long-term outcomes. Direct comparison between cleavage stage (day 3) and blastocyst stage (day 5) singleton transfers have shown the latter to increase the risk of monozygotic twinning, fetal malformations, preterm birth, and larger-for-gestational-age births [68]. Larger birth weight in response to longer embryo culture period has also been identified in a Finnish study [69]. Further analysis of the effect of in vitro culture and its duration are required to fully evaluate long-term health risks.