brief description of any five pandemics which have threatened the human life in past??.
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Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
This is a list of the biggest known epidemics (including pandemics) caused by an infectious disease. Widespread non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer are not included.
An epidemic is the rapid spread of disease to a large number of people in a given population within a short period of time. For example, in meningococcal infections, an attack rate in excess of 15 cases per 100,000 people for two consecutive weeks is considered an epidemic.[1]
Event Date Location Disease Death toll (estimate) Ref.
Influenza epidemic 1200 BC Babylon, or Babirus of the Persians, Central Asia, Mesopotamia and Southern Asia Indian Sanskrit scholars found records of a disease resembling the Flu Unknown [2]
Plague of Athens 429–426 BC Greece, Libya, Egypt, Ethiopia Unknown, possibly typhus, typhoid fever or viral hemorrhagic fever 75,000–100,000 [3][4][5][6]
412 BC epidemic 412 BC Greece (Northern Greece, Roman Republic) Unknown, possibly influenza Unknown [7]
Antonine Plague 165–180 (possibly up to 190) Roman Empire Unknown, possibly smallpox 5–10 million [8]
Plague of Cyprian 250–266 Europe Unknown, possibly smallpox 1 million+ [9][10]
Plague of Justinian 541–542 Europe and West Asia Bubonic plague (beginning of First plague pandemic) 25–100 million (40–50% of population of Europe) [11][12][13]
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1. Influenza
From the gruesome flu pandemic that killed an estimated 50 million to 100 million people in 1918, to the 2009 swine flu pandemic that took thousands of lives, different strains of influenza viruses have caused some of the deadliest outbreaks of the past century. This group of pathogens is one of the most closely watched due to its enormous pandemic threat.
2. SARS
SARS, which stands for severe acute respiratory syndrome, is caused by the SARS coronavirus. It first infected people in late 2002 in China, and within weeks spread to 37 countries through air travel. The virus infected 8,000 people worldwide, about 800 of whom died.
3. HIV/AIDS
Since its emergence in the 1980s, HIV has infected 60 million people and caused an estimated 30 million deaths.Scientists think HIV, which stands for human immunodeficiency virus, made the jump from chimpanzees to humans sometime in the mid-20th century. The virus hijacks and eventually breaks down the immune system, resulting in a condition called AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome). Without a properly working immune system, people with AIDS are left vulnerable to other, often deadly, infections.
4. Malaria
Although it has likely been around since antiquity, the mosquito-borne disease malaria continues to pose a global problem. There's no vaccine for it, and in many parts of the world the parasite that causes it has developed resistance to a number of malaria drugs, according to the WHO.
5. Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) has been traced back as far as 17,000 years ago, but is still not entirely under control today. Caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, TB is second only to HIV/AIDS as the greatest killer worldwide due to a single infectious agent.