Briefly describe anti- poverty measures started by the government.
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1. Integrated Rural Development Programme:
The Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP), which was introduced in 1978-79 and universalized from 2nd October, 1980, aimed at providing assistance to the rural poor in the form of subsidy and bank credit for productive employment opportunities through successive plan periods.
In order to take care of the specific needs of the rural population, sub-programmes of IRDP such as Training for Rural Youth for Self-Employment (TRYSEM), Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas (DWCRA), Supply of Improved Toolkits to Rural Artisans (SITRA), and Ganga Kalyan Yojana (GKY) were introduced. These schemes were, however, implemented as ‘stand-alone programmes’, an approach, which substantially detracted from their effectiveness.
ADVERTISEMENTS:
On 1st April, 1999, the IRDP and allied programmes were merged into a single programme known as Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY). The SGSY emphasizes on organizing the rural poor into self-help groups, capacity-building, planning of activity clusters, infrastructure support, technology, credit and marketing linkages.
2. Jawahar Rozgar Yojana/Jawahar Gram Samriddhi Yojana:
Under the Wage Employment Programmes, the National Rural Employment Programme (NREP) and Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme (RLEGP) were started in sixth and seventh plans. The NREP and RLEGP were merged in April 1989, under Jawahar Rozgar Yojana (JRY). The JRY was meant to generate meaningful employment opportunities for the unemployed and underemployed in rural areas through the creation of economic infrastructure and community and social assets.
Employment generation progressively declined over the years, partly, due to lower central allocations in Ninth Plan and partly due to the increasing cost of creating employment. The JRY was revamped from 1st April, 1999, as Jawahar Gram Samriddhi Yojana (JGSY). It now became a programme for the creation of rural economic infrastructure with employment generation as the secondary objective.
3. Employment Assurance Scheme:
The Employment Assurance Scheme (EAS) was launched on 2nd October, 1993, covering 1,778 drought-prone, desert, tribal and hill area blocks. It was later extended to all the blocks in 1997-98. The EAS was designed to provide employment in the form of manual work in the lean of agricultural season. The works taken up under the programme were expected to lead to the creation of durable economic and social infrastructure and address the needs of people.
4. Food for Work Programme:
ADVERTISEMENTS:
The Food for Work Programme was started in 2000-01 as a component of EAS. It was first launched in eighth drought-affected states of Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Rajasthan, Maharashtra and Uttaranchal. It aims at enhancing food security through wage employment. Food grains are supplied to states free of cost, however, the supply of food grains from the Food Corporation of India (FCI) godowns has been slow.
5. Sampoorna Gramin Rozgar Yojana:
The JGSY, EAS and Food for Work Programme were revamped and merged under the new Sampoorna Gramin Rozgar Yojana (SGRY) Scheme from 1st September, 2001. The main objective of the scheme continues to be the generation of wage employment, creation of durable economic infrastructure in rural areas and provision of food and nutrition security for the poor.
6. Rural Housing – Indira Awaas Yojana:
The Indira Awaas Yojana (LAY) programme aims at providing free housing to Below Poverty Line (BPL) famiUes in rural areas and main targets would be the households of SC/STs. It was first merged with the Jawahar Rozgar Yojana (JRY) in 1989 and in 1996, it broke away from JRY into a separate housing scheme for the rural poor. The Ninth Plan Housing Programme under lAY was framed in the light of National Housing and Habitat Policy 1998, which aimed at providing shelter for all in rural areas by the end of the Plan period.
The Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP), which was introduced in 1978-79 and universalized from 2nd October, 1980, aimed at providing assistance to the rural poor in the form of subsidy and bank credit for productive employment opportunities through successive plan periods.
In order to take care of the specific needs of the rural population, sub-programmes of IRDP such as Training for Rural Youth for Self-Employment (TRYSEM), Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas (DWCRA), Supply of Improved Toolkits to Rural Artisans (SITRA), and Ganga Kalyan Yojana (GKY) were introduced. These schemes were, however, implemented as ‘stand-alone programmes’, an approach, which substantially detracted from their effectiveness.
ADVERTISEMENTS:
On 1st April, 1999, the IRDP and allied programmes were merged into a single programme known as Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY). The SGSY emphasizes on organizing the rural poor into self-help groups, capacity-building, planning of activity clusters, infrastructure support, technology, credit and marketing linkages.
2. Jawahar Rozgar Yojana/Jawahar Gram Samriddhi Yojana:
Under the Wage Employment Programmes, the National Rural Employment Programme (NREP) and Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme (RLEGP) were started in sixth and seventh plans. The NREP and RLEGP were merged in April 1989, under Jawahar Rozgar Yojana (JRY). The JRY was meant to generate meaningful employment opportunities for the unemployed and underemployed in rural areas through the creation of economic infrastructure and community and social assets.
Employment generation progressively declined over the years, partly, due to lower central allocations in Ninth Plan and partly due to the increasing cost of creating employment. The JRY was revamped from 1st April, 1999, as Jawahar Gram Samriddhi Yojana (JGSY). It now became a programme for the creation of rural economic infrastructure with employment generation as the secondary objective.
3. Employment Assurance Scheme:
The Employment Assurance Scheme (EAS) was launched on 2nd October, 1993, covering 1,778 drought-prone, desert, tribal and hill area blocks. It was later extended to all the blocks in 1997-98. The EAS was designed to provide employment in the form of manual work in the lean of agricultural season. The works taken up under the programme were expected to lead to the creation of durable economic and social infrastructure and address the needs of people.
4. Food for Work Programme:
ADVERTISEMENTS:
The Food for Work Programme was started in 2000-01 as a component of EAS. It was first launched in eighth drought-affected states of Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Rajasthan, Maharashtra and Uttaranchal. It aims at enhancing food security through wage employment. Food grains are supplied to states free of cost, however, the supply of food grains from the Food Corporation of India (FCI) godowns has been slow.
5. Sampoorna Gramin Rozgar Yojana:
The JGSY, EAS and Food for Work Programme were revamped and merged under the new Sampoorna Gramin Rozgar Yojana (SGRY) Scheme from 1st September, 2001. The main objective of the scheme continues to be the generation of wage employment, creation of durable economic infrastructure in rural areas and provision of food and nutrition security for the poor.
6. Rural Housing – Indira Awaas Yojana:
The Indira Awaas Yojana (LAY) programme aims at providing free housing to Below Poverty Line (BPL) famiUes in rural areas and main targets would be the households of SC/STs. It was first merged with the Jawahar Rozgar Yojana (JRY) in 1989 and in 1996, it broke away from JRY into a separate housing scheme for the rural poor. The Ninth Plan Housing Programme under lAY was framed in the light of National Housing and Habitat Policy 1998, which aimed at providing shelter for all in rural areas by the end of the Plan period.
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