Briefly describe the administration of the Mauryan Empire.
Answers
here's the answer.....
Mauryan Administration
The king was the head of the state. He had legislative, executive and judicial powers. He was the supreme commander of the army and planned military operations with his senapati. In Kautilyas Arthashastra the king was called Dharma pravartaka. The king issued ordinances called ‘Sasanasad’.
The King appointed Sachivas (ministers or Amatyas). He was advised by the Mantriparishad. There was a full complement of departments with their duties well defined. Mantris were high ministers. The Amatyas performed judicial and administrative functions and monitored the affairs of the state.
Adhyakshas were in charge of various departments. They collected taxes and controlled the dealings connected to the land. The Samharta was the collector-general of revenue of the kingdom. The Sannidhata was an officer in charge of the treasury. The purohitas, Senapatis and Dauvarikas also who helped in administration.
The whole empire was divided into five provinces with their capitals at Taxila, Ujjain, Tosali, Suvarnagiri and Patilaputra. The provinces were subdivided into Vishyas or Aharas. Besides these territories under direct rule there existed some other territories as vassal states.
The Gramika was the head of the village administration. The state revenue was collected from land taxes, excise, tools, forest, water rates, mines etc. A major share of which was spent on the army other official charity works and public works. An important work undertaken during the Mauryan rule was the taking of census, according to the number, caste occupation, slaves, freemen and age.
I hope it helps you....
Answer:
here it's answer....
Explanation:
!
Central Government
Mauryan administration was highly centralized.
The Emperor was the supreme power and source of all authority.
He was assisted by a Council of Ministers. It was called ‘Mantriparishad’. The ministers were called ‘Mantris.’
The council was headed by ‘mantriparishad-adhyakshya’ akin to the Prime Minister of today.
Tirthas: the Highest category of officials in the administration. There were 18 Tirthas.
Adhyakshya: Ranked next only to Tirthas. There were 20 Adhyakshyas. They had economic and military functions.
Mahamattas: Higher ranking officials.
Amatyas: High ranking officials almost like present-day secretaries. They had administrative and judicial roles.
The Adhyakshyas were formed into a secretariat, which was divided into many departments.
Arthashastra mentions many Adhyakshyas for commerce, storehouses, gold, ships, agriculture, cows, horses, city, chariots, mint, infantry, etc.
Yuktas: Subordinate officers responsible for the Empire’s revenue.
Rajjukas: Officers in charge of land measurement and boundary-fixing.
Sansthadhyasksha: Superintendent of mint
Samasthadhyasksha: Superintendent of markets
Sulkaadhyaksha: Superintendent of tolls
Sitaadhyaksha: Superintendent of agriculture
Navadhyaksha: Superintendent of ships
Lohadhyaksha: Superintendent of iron
Pauthavadhyakhsa: Superintendent of weights and measures
Akaradhyaksha: Superintendent of mines
Vyavharika Mahamatta: Judiciary officers
Pulisanj: Public relations officers
Registration of births and deaths, foreigners, industries, trade, manufacture and sale of goods, sales tax collection were under the administration’s control.
Local Administration
The smallest unit of administration was the village.
Head of a village: Gramika Villages had a lot of autonomy.
Pradeshika was the provincial governors or district magistrates.
Sthanika: Tax collectors working under Pradeshikas.
Durgapala: Governors of forts.
Antapala: Governors of frontiers.
Akshapatala: Accountant General
Lipikaras: Scribes
Military
The commander-in-chief of the entire military was called Senapati and his position was next to the Emperor. He was appointed by the Emperor.
The military was divided into five sectors namely, infantry, cavalry, chariots, elephant forces, navy and transport & provisions.
The army’s salary was paid in cash.
Revenue
The revenue department chief was called Samharta.
Another important official was Sannidhata (treasurer).
Revenue was collected on land, irrigation, shops, customs, forests, ferry, mines and pastures. License fees were collected from artisans and fines were charged in the law courts.
Most of the land revenue was one-sixth of the produce.
Police
All the main centres had police headquarters.
Jail was called Bandhangara and lock-up was known as Charaka.
Espionage
The espionage system of the Mauryas was well-developed.
There were spies who informed the Emperor about the bureaucracy and markets.
There were two types of spies: Sansthana (stationary) and Sanchari (wanderer).
Gudhapurushas were the detectives or secret agents.
They were controlled by the Mahamatyapasarpa. These agents were picked from different segments of society.
There were also agents called Vishakanyas (poisonous girls).
Transport
The transport department fixed the width of the chariots, cattle tracks and pedestrians.
Mauryan Administration's...