Briefly describe the main coal
reserves in India.
Answers
- India's proven coal reserves as of December 2018 accounted for more than 9% of the world's total. The major hard coal deposits of the country are located in the eastern states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Orissa, and West Bengal, which account for more than 70% of the country's coal reserves.
Coal is the foremost power resources in India and is the most abundantly available fossil fuel. It provides a substantial part of the nation’s energy needs. It is used for power generation, to supply energy to industry as well as for domestic needs. India is highly dependent on coal for meeting its commercial energy requirements. Coal, therefore, is found in a variety of forms depending on the degrees of compression and the depth and time of burial. Decaying plants in swamps produce peat. This has a low carbon and high moisture contents and low heating capacity.Around 67% of total commercial coal energy produced in India. It is often called “Black Gold”.
Types of Coal
- Anthracite (more than 80% carbon content) is the best quality of coal. In India, it is found only in Jammu and Kashmir.
- Bituminous (60 to 80 % Carbon Content) is the second best quality of coal. It is the most popular coal in commercial use. Metallurgical coal is high grade bituminous coal which has a special value for smelting iron in blast furnaces.
- Lignite is a low grade brown coal, which is soft with high moisture content. The principal lignite reserves are in Neyveli in Tamil Nadu and are used for generation of electricity.
- Peat (less than 40% carbon content)
In India coal occurs in rock series of two main geological ages, namely Gondwana, a little over 200 million years in age and in tertiary deposits which are only about 55 million years old. The major resources of Gondwana coal, which are metallurgical coal, are located in Damodar valley (West Bengal-Jharkhand).
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