briefly describe the main features of the bhakti movement
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Main Features of the Bhakti Movement:
1. Unity of God or one God though known by different names.
2. Bhakti, intense love and devotion, the only way to salvation.
3. Repetition of the True Name.
4. Self-Surrender.
5. Condemnation of rituals, ceremonies and blind faith.
6. Rejection of idol worship by many saints
7. Open- mindedness about deciding religious matters.
8. No distinction of different castes, higher or low
9. Need of a guru for guidance advocated by some.
10. Preaching’s through local or regional languages and travelling from place to place for spreading the religious message.
Many doctrines of the Bhakti cult may be found in the Bhagavad-Gita. The idea of the unity of God is reflected in the words, “Even those devotees who worship other gods worship Me alone.” (IX 23). It is not the way of worship but the love of a selfless devotee of pure heart that matters for “Whoever offers to me with devotion, a leaf, a flower, a fruit, or water … I accept” (IX, 26).
The doctrine of self-surrender is echoed in the words of Lord Krishna, “Give up all religious paths, and take refuge in Me alone. I shall deliver thee from all sins.” (XVIII 66). The idea of an open mind to decide for oneself in matters of religion may be discovered in the lines,” … you do as thou choosest” (XVIII 63).
However, the real development of Bhakti took place in South India between the 7th and the 12th centuries through the teachings of poet saints known as Alvars and Nayanar whose hymns were collected and compiled in the 10th century. The Sufi saints of the Muslims also emphasized devotion to Allah (God). The spiritual yearning made Kabir, Guru Nanak, Mirabai, Surdas, Tulsi Das, Chaitanya and others, the great exponents of Bhakti movement.
Briefly describe the main features of the bhakti movement...
The time of Bhakti movement is between 1375 AD to 1700 AD. The Bhakti movement has been mainly inspired by the feeling of devotion toward the Lord.
During this period, many poets had piled up the composition of devotion while praising the glory of God's Nirguna and Saguna form.
At that time India was ruled by the Mughals and the Indian people were unhappy with the tyranny of the Mughals. Many evils were also prevalent in society. In such a situation, those poets resorted to devotion to God, so that they could awaken some consciousness in the stricken public.
During the Bhakti period, two systems of Bhakti stream were prevalent, Saguna Bhakti stream and Nirguna Bhakti stream.
The main poets of the Sagun Bhakti stream have been Tulsidas, Surdas, Nanddas, Kundan Das, Keshavdas, Krishnadas, Meera, Raskhan, Rahim etc. Whereas the poets of the Nirguna Bhakti stream have been Kabir, Nanak, Dadu Dayal, Raidas, Maluk Das etc. In the tradition of Bhakti period movement, there were many poets like Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, Ramanujacharya, Sant Kabir, Sant Tukaram, Sant Ravidas, who gave articulation to the Bhakti movement.
All the poets and poet-saints of the Bhakti movement composed their compositions to take a dig at the evils prevailing in the society at that time. He enriched the public with devotional spirit in many public interest devotional compositions.
The main features of the Bhakti movement were as follows...
- The core concept of the Bhakti movement was based on one God. Most of the saints of the Bhakti movement propounded the principle that God is one.
- In the Bhakti movement, he had opposed and abandoned useless religious rituals, ostentation etc.
- The Bhakti movement was a movement pro-equality, in which caste-based religion or caste-based discrimination was completely prohibited.
- Most of the poet-saints of the Bhakti movement were also social reformers and they also opposed social evils.
- The Bhakti movement was a movement of social harmony, with emphasis on Hindu-Muslim unity and social harmony.
- The Bhakti movement emphasized on true, ostentatious and selfless devotion to God.
- Most of the saints of the Bhakti movement composed and did in the common language of the common man and whatever they preached were also in the language of the common people.
- The names of Kabir, Nanak, Raidas, Mirabai, Tulsidas, Surdas, Sant Dadu Dayal etc. are prominent among the prominent poet-saints of the Bhakti movement.
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