briefly describe the main feauters of sher shah's administration
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Answer:
His revenue administration has been regarded as one of the best during the medieval period.
Its basic features were as follows:
(a) The system which Sher Shah introduced in most of the places was Ryotwari wherein the state kept direct relations with the peasants for the assessment and collection of the land revenue. However, the system could not be introduced in Multan, Malwa and Rajasthan where the Jagirdari system continued to exist.
(b) All cultivable land was divided into three categories on the basis of production, viz., good, middle and bad.
(c) The land was measured according to a uniform system and it was ascertained that what quality of land was possessed by each cultivator. An average of the produce was estimated in each case and then, according to Dr Qanungo, the peasants were asked to pay 1/4 of the average produce. But according to Dr Parmatma Saran, Dr R.P. Tripathi and the majority of historians the cultivators were asked to pay 1/3 of their produce to the state.
(d) The state preferred to collect revenue in the form of cash and, for that purpose, prices of every variety of cereals were fixed in different places. Yet, the cultivators were given the facility to pay their revenue in kind as well.
(e) The revenue on perishable articles was, however, paid by the peasants in form of cash only.
(f) The peasants were given the facility to pay their revenue in two instalments in a year according to crop seasons.
(g) The peasants were given pattas (title deeds) by the state specifying the revenue which they had to pay and were asked to sign qabuliats (deeds of agreement) signifying their acceptance to pay the required revenue.
(h) The peasants had also to pay two more taxes, named the jaribana (Surveyor’s fee) and the mahasilana (tax-collector’s fee) to the state. These constituted 2 and a 1/2 per cent to 5 per cent of their produce.
(i) Besides these, the peasants had to pay 2 and a 1/2 per cent of their produce in kind to be returned to them in case of any natural calamity such as flood, famine, etc.
(j) According to the orders of the Sultan, the peasants were treated with generosity while fixing the revenue but once settled they were asked to pay their revenue without any mercy on behalf of the state.
(k) Every care was taken to protect the crop from destruction during the course of war and if damaged the peasants were compensated by the state.
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Answer:
His revenue administration has been regarded as one of the best during the medieval period. Its basic features were as follows: (a) The system which Sher Shah introduced in most of the places was Ryotwari wherein the state kept direct relations with the peasants for the assessment and collection of the land revenue.