briefly discuss about the Himalayan ranges of India
Answers
Answer:
The Himalayan Mountain is the youngest range of India and is a new fold mountain formed by the collision of two tectonic plates. The Himalayan Mountain Range has almost every highest peak of the world and on an average they have more than 100 peaks with height more than 7200m.
Explanation:
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Explanation:
Series of several parallel or converging ranges.
The ranges are separated by deep valleys creating a highly dissected topography [(of a plateau or upland) divided by a number of deep valleys].
The southern slopes have steep gradients and northern slopes have comparatively gentler slopes. [Scaling Mount Everest is less hectic from the northern side. But China puts restrictions so climbers take the steeper southern slopes from Nepal]
Most of the Himalayan ranges fall in India, Nepal and Bhutan. The northern slopes are partly situated in Tibet (trans-Himalayas) while the western extremity lies in Pakistan, Afghanistan and Central Asia.
Himalayas between Tibet and Ganga Plain is a succession of three parallel ranges.
Shiwalik Range
Also known as Outer Himalayas.
Located in between the Great Plains and Lesser Himalayas.
The altitude varies from 600 to 1500 metres.
Runs for a distance of 2,400 km from the Potwar Plateau to the Brahmaputra valley.
The southern slopes are steep while the northern slopes are gentle.
The width of the Shiwaliks varies from 50 km in Himachal Pradesh to less than 15 km in Arunachal Pradesh.
They are almost unbroken chain of low hills except for a gap of 80-90 km which is occupied by the valley of the Tista River and Raidak River.
Shiwalik range from North-East India up to Nepal are covered with thick forests but the forest cover decreases towards west from Nepal (The quantum of rainfall decreases from east to west in Shiwaliks and Ganga Plains).
The southern slopes of Shiwalik range in Punjab and Himachal Pradesh are almost devoid of forest cover. These slopes are highly dissected by seasonal streams called Chos.
Valleys are part of synclines and hills are part of anticlines or antisynclines.
Middle or the Lesser Himalaya
In between the Shiwaliks in the south and the Greater Himalayas in the north.
Runs almost parallel to both the ranges.
It is also called the Himachal or Lower Himalaya.
Lower Himalayan ranges are 60-80 km wide and about 2400 km in length.
Elevations vary from 3,500 to 4,500 m above sea level.
Many peaks are more than 5,050 m above sea level and are snow covered throughout the year.
Lower Himalayas have steep, bare southern slopes [steep slopes prevents soil formation] and more gentle, forest covered northern slopes.
In Uttarakhand, the Middle Himalayas are marked by the Mussoorie and the Nag Tibba ranges.
The Mahabharat Lekh, in southern Nepal is a continuation of the Mussoorie Range
East of the Kosi River, the Sapt Kosi, Sikkim, Bhutan, Miri, Abor and Mishmi hills represent the lower Himalayas.
The Middle Himalayan ranges are more friendly to human contact.The Great Himalaya
Also known as Inner Himalaya, Central Himalaya or Himadri.
Average elevation of 6,100 m above sea level and an average width of about 25 km.
It is mainly formed of the central crystallines (granites and gneisses) overlain by metamorphosed sediments [limestone]. {Rock System}
The folds in this range are asymmetrical with steep south slope and gentle north slope giving ‘hog back (a long, steep hill or mountain ridge)’ topography.
This mountain arc convexes to the south just like the other two.
Terminates abruptly at the syntaxial bends. One in the Nanga Parbat in north-west and the other in the Namcha Barwa in the north-east.
This mountain range boasts of the tallest peaks of the world, most of which remain under perpetual snow.