Question

briefly discussed dietary modification of CHD?

Answer 1

The role of diet in coronary heart disease is
evident from its pathological process, which
involves the formation of arterial plaques,
alterations in endothelial function (which, in turn,
influence blood pressure), heightened risk for
thrombosis, and inflammatory processes. Diet
plays a role through the regulation of blood lipids
and by influencing endothelial function and the
underlying inflammation that causes disease
progression. A modified diet, particularly if
combined with regular exercise, can prevent,
delay, or reverse the progression of
atherosclerosis and development of CHD, with
subsequent reduction in cardiovascular events.
The primary goals of dietary intervention are
described below
Controlling Blood Lipid Concentrations
Saturated fats and cholesterol in the diet
increase levels of blood lipids, particularly LDL
cholesterol, while soluble fiber tends to reduce
them. Controlling blood lipoprotein
concentrations with a combination of diet,
exercise, and medication, if necessary, is a
cornerstone of treatment for most CHD patients,
as described in more detail in the Hyperlipidemia
chapter.
Decreasing dietary saturated fat and cholesterol.
Following diets low in saturated fat and
cholesterol can help reduce progression of
atherosclerosis. The National Cholesterol
Education Program has recommended moderate
reductions in total fat (≤ 30% of energy),
saturated fat (≤ 7% of energy), and cholesterol (<
200 mg/day) intake. In clinical trials, such
changes reduce plasma LDL cholesterol
concentration about 5%. Studies suggest that
low–fat vegetarian and vegan regimens are
significantly more effective, reducing LDL
cholesterol approximately 15% to 30%.
Because such regimens have also been shown to
reduce body weight and blood pressure and to be
useful in programs for reversing atherosclerosis,
they may be preferable to many patients,
provided they are prescribed along with basic
diet instruction.